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Logic operators:
Logical operators are used perform the logical operations between two variables. Logical operator are used to connect two relational expressions into one or used to reverse the logic of the expression.
- The logic operators are AND “&&”, OR “||”, NOT “!”:
- Logical operator AND “&&” is used to determine whether the range is inside the specified numeric range.
- Logical operator OR “||” is used to determine whether the range is outside the specified numeric range.
- The logical operator NOT “!” is used to reverse the operands, if the returned value is true it is converted to false and vice versa.
AND “&&” operator:
It is used in connecting two conditional expressions, which can be represented as single expression. It works when both conditions are evaluated as “true”. When both conditions are evaluated to “true”, then the complete expression is evaluated as “true”.
Truth table of AND “&&” operator:
Expression 1 | Expression 2 | Value of complete expression |
True(1) | True(1) | True(1) |
True(1) | False(0) | False(0) |
False(0) | True(1) | False(0) |
False(0) | False(0) | False(0) |
OR “||”operator:
It is used in connecting two conditional expressions, which can be represented as single expression. It works when one conditions is evaluated to “true”. When one condition is evaluated to “true”, then the complete expression is evaluated as “true”.
Truth table of “||” operator:
Expression 1 | Expression 2 | Value of complete expression |
True(1) | True(1) | True(1) |
True(1) | False(0) | True(1) |
False(0) | True(1) | True(1) |
False(0) | False(0) | False(0) |
NOT “!” operator:
The logical operator “!” is used to reverse the operands truth or false hood. When the given expression is “true” it will negate the given expression to “false” or vice versa.
Truth table of “!” operator:
Given expression | Output expression |
!True(1) | False(0) |
!False(0) | True(1) |
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Starting Out with C++ from Control Structures to Objects (9th Edition)
- An valid argument can have false premises. True Falsearrow_forwardChoose the correct answer to fill the blanks in the following Questions. is an optional clause available for the Case Structure when no match is found in any of the Case statements. * Elself Default O Else Case O Case Elsearrow_forwardDetermine whether the following argument is valid or invalid. Include a truth table and a few words explaining why the truth table shows validity or invalidity. Use the space provided below to draw the truth table If Hugo is a physics major or if Hugo is a math major, then he needs to take calculus. Hugo needs to take calculus or Hugo is a math major. Therefore, Hugo is a physics major or Hugo is a math major.arrow_forward
- Determine whether the following argument is valid or invalid. Include a truth table and a few words explaining why the truth table shows validity or invalidity. If Hugo is a physics major or if Hugo is a math major, then he needs to take calculus. Hugo needs to take calculus or Hugo is a math major. Therefore, Hugo is a physics major or Hugo is a math major.arrow_forwardIf X's value is 11, Y's value is 20,the compound condition (X>0|| Y<10) returns: a) true; b) falsearrow_forwardCompute the income tax due on taxable income entered by the user, given the data as shown in the following table. Be sure to include error checking to make sure the user does not enter a negative number. Assume all entries are integer values. Taxable Income Tax Due From To $0 $49,999 $0 + 5% of amount over $0 $50,000 $99,999 $2,500 +7% of amount over $50,000 $100,000 $6,000 + 9% of amount over $100,000 (Provide the following: Pseudocode; Flowchart) Dago 2 of 5arrow_forward
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- Logical table: Write the truth value of the following logical statements X= 127; 127(Y==X && (X<=y)arrow_forwardWithout using any other library functions or operators, show how the meaning of the following pattern matching definition for logical conjunction "&&" can be expressed using conditional (if/else) expressions: True && True = True _ && _ = False Hint: use two nested conditional expressions.arrow_forward3. Suppose 'p' denotes the statement "you were 90 on your last birthday" and 'q' denotes the statement "you are over 21": If you are over 21, then you were 90 on your last birthday. The statement is. * Inverse Contradiction Contrapositive Converse None of the abovearrow_forward
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