Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 30, Problem 4P
Codon-Anticodon Recognition: Base-Pairing Possibilities
(Integrates with Chapter 11.) Draw base-pair structures for (a) a G:C base pair. (b) a C:G base pair. (C) a G:U base pair, and (d) a U:G base pair. Note how these various base pairs differ in the potential hydrogen-bonding patterns they present within the major groove and minor groove of a double-helical
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Using Fig. as a guide, draw the complete structure of a nucleoside triphosphate before and after it becomes incorporated into a polynucleotide chain. Draw the structure that would result if the newly formed phosphodiester bond were hydrolyzed.
Analyzing mRNA Sequences
1. Analyze the following amino acid sequence and write
down a potential mRNA sequence from which this
sequence might have been translated. Use the codon table
in your book to determine a possible mRNA sequence.
Amino Acid Sequence 1:
H,N*-Methionine-Valine-Histidine-Leucine-
Threonine-Proline-Glutamic Acid-Glutamic Acid-
COO
2. (a) Consider Amino Acid Sequence 2. How is Amino
Acid Sequence 2 different from Amino Acid Sequence 1?
Amino Acid Sequence 2:
H,N*-Methionine-Valine-Histidine-Leucine-
Threonine-Proline-Valine-Glutamic Acid-CO
(b) Write a potential mRNA sequence for Amino Acid
sequence 2, using the same codons for any given amino
acid if it is present in both sequences.
5’-GGC TAC GTA ACT TGA TAA-3’
(a) mRNA codons that are transcribed from the DNA (b) tRNA anticodons for each of the mRNA codons (c) The sequence of amino acids in the resulting polypeptide. (d) Provide the sequence of another possible DNA strand that will lead to synthesis ofthe same polypeptide.
Chapter 30 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 30 - Prob. 1PCh. 30 - Prob. 2PCh. 30 - The Second Genetic Code Review the evidence...Ch. 30 - Codon-Anticodon Recognition: Base-Pairing...Ch. 30 - Consequences of the Wobble Hypothesis Point out...Ch. 30 - Prob. 6PCh. 30 - Prob. 7PCh. 30 - Prob. 8PCh. 30 - Prob. 9PCh. 30 - The Consequences of Ribosome Complexity Eukaryotic...
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- Part I. Structure-Function Relationships in Genes 1. Consider the "two-line model" of a gene shown below - each line represents one strand of a DNA double helix, and the transcription start site is indicated as +1. Use the two-line models provided when answering the following questions. 3' 5' +1 Assume that you know RNA polymerase will move to the right during transcription. On the diagram above, do the following: • Label "upstream" and "downstream" on this gene • Label where you would find the promoter min I • Draw a box where you would expect to find the TATA box • Draw a third line below the model representing the RNA transcript (label the ends!) • Label one of the DNA strands as the template strand 3' 2. Now, let's try that again! This time assume that you know RNA polymerase will move to the left during transcription. Repeat the same tasks as before on the diagram below: 5' 5' 3' +1 I I 5' 3'arrow_forwardLearning activity 5 1) A segment of DNA has the following sequence of bases ...5'-ATGCAATGATATTGAAGCTTA -3'... a.) what sequence of bases would appear in MRNA transcribed from this segment b.) assume that the first base in this MRNA is the beginning of a codon. What order of amino acids would be translated into a polypeptide synthesized along this segment? c.) give anticodons for each tRNA associated with the translation in part (b)arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion Which of the following statements regarding the structure and function of tRNA is true? A-The codon / anticodon pairing is absolutely universal among organism. B-The charging of a tRNA does not require energy. C-There are 64 different tRNAs, one for each possible codon. D-Reading 5' to 3', the first base in the anticodon can participate in non Watson and Crick base pairing E- The 3' end of each tRNA has a unique sequence so a specific amino acid can be attached.arrow_forward
- The full amino acid sequence of FABP6 is MAFTGKFEMECEKNYDEFMKLLGISSDVIEKARNFKIVTEVQQDGQDF TWSQHYSGGHTMTNKFTVGKECNIQTMGGKTFKATVQMEGGKLVVN FPNYHQTSEIVGDKLVEVSTIGGVTYERVSKRLA For the next step in your analysis, you ran a BLAST search of the PDB of this sequence and found a structure that is 59% identical to the sequence of your protein. The following is the alignment of two sequences (with your protein in blue (FABP6) and the homologous structure in red (3ELX)): Expect score = : 4 × 10−4² and Identities = 69/116(50%), Positives = 88/116(75%) 3ELX: 5 AFNGKWETECQEGYEPFCKLIGIPDDVIAKGRDFKLVTEIVQNGDDFTWTQYYPNNHVMT 64 AF GK + E EC++ Y+ F KL GI DVI K R+FK+VTE+ Q+G DFTW+Q+Y FABP6: 2 AFTGKFEMECEKNYDEFMKLLGISSDVIEKARNFKIVTEVQQDGQDFTWSQHYSGGHTMT 61 3ELX: 65 NKF IVGKECDMETVGGKKFKG IVSMEGGKLT IS FPKYQQTTEISGGKLVETSTASG 120 NKF VGKEC+++T+GGK FK V MEGGKL ++FP Y QT+EI G KLVE ST G FABP6: 62 NKFTVGKECNIQTMGGKTFKATVQMEGGKLVVNFPNYHQTSEIVGDKLVEVSTIGG H MT 117 The identical amino acids are shown in black…arrow_forwardOriginal sequence: Consider the following coding 71 nucleotide DNA template sequence (It does not contain a translational start): 5’-GTTTCCCCTATGCTTCATCACGAGGGCACTGACATGTGTAAACGAAATTCCAACCTGAGCGGCGT GTTGAG-3’ Question: 4) In a mutant you discovered that the underlined nucleotide has been deleted. What would the resulting peptide sequence be? What type of mutation is this? 5’-GTTTCCCCTATGCTTCATCACGAGGGCACTGACATGTGTAAACGAAATTCCAACCTGAGCGGCGT GTTGAG-3arrow_forwardDNA: 5’-CTCTACTATAAACTCAATAGGTCC-3’ Draw a box around the sequence where RNA polymerase will bind to the DNA. What is this sequence called? Will transcription start at this sequence, to the left of this sequence (“upstream”) or, to the right of this sequence (“downstream”)? Draw a small arrow above the DNA strand where transcription will begin. Which DNA strand will RNA polymerase transcribe? Highlight this strand with your highlighter. (Hint: RNA pol is similar to DNA pol because it can only make new RNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Draw in an arrow to show the direction that RNA polymerase will move along the DNA strand.arrow_forward
- RNA Transcription, Translation, and Mutation Worksheet First, here is a strand of DNA. This strand contains both a gene and its promoter region. Circle the promoter region in blue, draw a yellow box around the TATA box, draw a green box around the start codon, and draw a red box around the stop codon: TATATATATTACGTTGCATACGCTCAACGGTCGAAACTGCATGGGCAC ATATATATAATGCAACGTATGCGAGTTGCCAGCTTTGACGTACCCG Now imagine this gene has been transcribed into RNA. What would that RNA strand look like? Before the above RNA strand can be translated, a few modifications must first take place (in eukaryotes). What are they? 1) 2) 3) Using a codon chart of your choice (one can be found here, or here) translate the above RNA transcript (assume no splicing took place). Write the three letter abbreviations for the amino acids in the image below: Now imagine that a mutation took place in the original strand of DNA (marked in red) TATATATATTACGTTGCATACCCTCAACGGTCGAAACTGCATG…arrow_forward5’-AUGCCGGACUGAAAU-3’ What is the sequence of the resulting protein assuming the ribosome takes the first AUG as triplet codon ?arrow_forwardcodon: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 sequence: TAC ATG GAC AAT GAT TAG GGG 1. What is the sequence of the peptide that would result following translation with a ribosome? Write your answer like this Met Ala Gly...... 2. What mutation(s) would change the peptide to Met Asp Asn Gly Leu Gly ? Use the codon numbers to help describe where the mutation is located . What mutation(s) would eliminate peptide translation? Use the codon numbers to help describe where the mutation is locatedarrow_forward
- 10. A portion of 5'-AUGCCACGAGUUGAC-3'. What amino acid sequence does this code for? To answer the question please: I) explain what is the genetic code and list the properties of the genetic e 2) draw a diagram of protein synthesis; 3) determine which tRNA should be attached to the mRNA; 4) what is the anticodon for the very first tRNA that will attach to mRNA? mRNA molecule has the sequence anarrow_forwardThe subunits of the translation initiation complex in PROKARYOTES.* 1 point O 30S and 50S O 40S and 60S O 20S and 60S O 10S and 70S Normal pH of the human blood? * 1 point O 7.30 to 7.40 O 7.35 to 7.45 O 7.40 to 7.50 O 7.45 to 7.55 A structural motif that contains 2 cysteine and 2 histidine amino acids. * I point Helix-turn-helix Motifarrow_forwardPart II: Information Transfer Background Information - Key Points The background information provided for this lab has given you a general overview of some of 24 the key terms and definitions necessary to understand the transfer of information from gene to protein. The information included below will help you work through the specific problems included in your Tutorial 4 Assignment. When working on the problems remember the base mu to pairing rules (Table 3). Table 3: Rules for nucleotide base pairing. cytosine (C) - guanine (G) adenine (A)- thymine (T) DNA RNA For Transcription: ● ● ● ● cytosine (C) - guanine (G) adenine (A)- uracil (U) Initiation is determined by the recognition of the promoter sequence in the DNA by the RNA polymerase. Stef The transcription start site is downstream of the promoter and is designated as the +1 site. Aspartic acid Alanina Valine Arginine Serine Lysine Asparagine Glutamic TEOPO|0C|AGUCAG|UC|AG/DCAG/3G/ CAGUC UGU A C A Threonine G Methionine Isoleucine…arrow_forward
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