Concept explainers
Introduction:
Evolution is a biological process which involves the change in heritable characteristics of organisms in the population through generations. It occurs due to mutation, natural selection, and hybridization.
Answer to Problem 1MC
Correct answer:
The species A and B have a more recent common ancestor than A and C.
Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Option (b) is given as “have a more recent common ancestor than do A and C”.
Explanation of Solution
Justify reasons for the correct statement:
The species A and B shares common ancestors as they are evolved from same ancestors and have similar structures. Such structures are called homologous structures, as species with homologous structures have similar structures but perform different function. It is the result of divergent evolution. So the members of species A and B are directly evolved from the most recent individual in a population.
Hence, option (b). is correct.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “have a more ancient common ancestor than do A and C.
The species A and B are evolved from recent common ancestors. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “are more similar in appearance than are A and C”.
Species A and B are similar as they share common ancestor. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (d) is given as “live in the same area, but C does not live there”.
The two species are closely related to each other only when they share common ancestors. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
The species A and B evolved from recent common ancestors and hence, are closely related to each other.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology
- Species recognized by the phylogenetic species concept a. sometimes also would be recognized as species by the biological species concept. b. are sometimes paraphyletic. c. are characterized by symplesiomorphies. d. are more frequent in plants than in animals.arrow_forwardOf the following taxonomic categories which is the most inclusive (i.e. is the highest in hierarchy)? A. Order B. Subspecies C. Class D. Genusarrow_forwardIn a paraphyletic group a. all species are more closely related to each other than they are to a species outside the group. b. evolutionary reversal is common. c. polyphyly also usually occurs. d. some species are more closely related to species outside the group than they are to some species within the group.arrow_forward
- Part 1: Use this image to describe the relationship between H, F. and D, including how closely they are related to each other, and determine the most recent common ancestor for these species. Part 2: Using the above image, estimate how long ago the common ancestor for H, F, and D lived. Part 3: Of species H, F, and D, which have gone extinct without producing any evolutionary descendants? Provide evidence to support your answer.arrow_forwardSpecies A Species B Species E Species C Species D Is the phylogenetic tree illustrated above (i.e., Figure C in the supplemental file) a rooted or unrooted tree? a. Rooted O b. Unrooted O c. It is not possible to tell based on the image alonearrow_forwardA- species H is more closely related to L than G B- Species E is equally distantly related to species D and species F C- Species G is equally distantly related to species C and species L D- Species B is more closely related to species A than species Harrow_forward
- Species A and B have long wings, whereas species C has short wings. Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the hypothesis that long wings are a synapomorphy? A. DNA evidence showing that species B and C are sister species B. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had short wings C. DNA evidence showing that species A and C are sister species D. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had long wings E. Evidence showing that species A and B live in an environment that favors long wings, whereas species C lives in an environment that favors short wingsarrow_forwardIn the figure below, each number represents a species. The closer two numbers are on the diagram the more similar the two species. The circles represent taxonomic groups. For example, the diagram shows that 2, 3, 4, and 5 are in the same genus. (Species within a group may be written as 2-5, 11-16 etc. Separate two or more groups with a coma) A. State one species that is in a genus with no other species B. State the species that are in a family with 2 genera C. State the species that are in order with 2 families D. State the species that are in a class with 3 orders E. Deduce whether species 8 is more closely related to species 16 or species 6 F. Explain why three concentric circles have been drawn around species 34 on the diagramarrow_forwardThe biological species concept classifies a species based ona. morphological characteristics.b. reproductive isolation.c. the niche the organism occupies in the environment.d. genetic relationships between an organism and its ancestors.e. both a and barrow_forward
- Which statement is true regarding the tree below? E A в с D (1) Taxon C is equally related to B and D Taxon B is equally related to taxa C & D Taxon B is equally related to taxa A, C, & D Taxon E is most closely related to taxon Aarrow_forwardA good “phylogenetic” species is one that is A. The smallest diagnosable cluster of organisms within which there is a pattern of ancestry and descent B. The most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotypic cohesion through intrinsic cohesion mechanisms. C. Morphologically distinctive from other groups of organisms D. An actually or potentially interbreeding group that is reproductively isolated from other such groups.arrow_forwardU.S. coral reef ecosystems cover less than one percent of the Earth's surface yet are among the most diverse and productive communities on Earth. We rely on reef ecosystems for food, shelter, tourism, and recreation. Despite the importance of reefs, these ecosystems are in trouble. Scientists are working to understand the extent of and reasons for the decline of coral reefs and to provide managers with more effective ways to protect them. A. Think of the distributions of stony coral and how it seems to be the most prominent. A scientist wants to figure out if this has to do with the stony coral growing on multiple substrates. i. Identify a reasonable hypothesis that would help guide the scientist to their answer. ii. Identify the dependent variable in your proposed hypothesis. iii. Explain how the results of the experiment might be affected by other influences in the ecosystem. B. Use the map to identify the following: i. Identify the predominant locations where coral reefs are…arrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College