Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079373
Author: William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 89QAP
A wad of steel wool (specific heat
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A container with 0.2450.245 L of water is placed in a microwave and radiated with electromagnetic energy with a wavelength of 14.114.1 cm. The temperature of the water rose by 72.172.1 °C. Calculate the number of photons that were absorbed by the water. Assume water has a density of 1.00 g·mL−11.00 g·mL−1 and a specific heat of 4.184 J·g−1·°C−14.184 J·g−1·°C−1.
Suppose that the microwave radiation has a wavelength of 12.4 cm. How many photons are required to heat 285 mL of coffee from 25.0 ∘C∘C to 62.0 ∘C∘C? Assume that the coffee has the same density, 0.997 g mL−1, and specific heat capacity, 4.184 J g−1 K−1, as water over this temperature range.
Express the number of photons numerically.
During photosynthesis in a certain plant, eight photons of 670-nm wavelength can cause the following reaction: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2During respiration, when the plant metabolizes sugar, the reverse reaction releases 4.9 eV of energy per CO2 molecule.
Determine the ratio of the energy released (respiration) to the energy absorbed (photosynthesis), a measure of photosynthetic efficiency.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Ch. 8 - Principles of Heat Flow Titanium is a metal used...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 8 - Copper is used in building the integrated...Ch. 8 - Mercury was once used in thermometers and...Ch. 8 - The specific heat of aluminum is 0.902J/gC. How...Ch. 8 - Chromium has a specific heat of 0.450J/gC. How...Ch. 8 - Magnesium sulfate is often used in first-aid hot...Ch. 8 - Sodium chloride is added in cooking to enhance the...Ch. 8 - When 375 mL of water (d=1.00g/mL) at 32C are mixed...Ch. 8 - How many mL of water at 10C (2 significant...
Ch. 8 - When one mol of KOH is neutralized by sulfuric...Ch. 8 - The heat of neutralization, Hneut, can be defined...Ch. 8 - Fructose is a sugar commonly found in fruit. A...Ch. 8 - In earlier times, ethyl ether was commonly used as...Ch. 8 - Isooctane is a primary component of gasoline and...Ch. 8 - Ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, is the intoxicating agent...Ch. 8 - Acetic acid, HC2H3O2, is responsible for the sour...Ch. 8 - Acetylene, C2H2, is used in welding torches. It...Ch. 8 - Salicylic acid, C7H6O3, is one of the starting...Ch. 8 - Methanol (CH3OH) is also known as wood alcohol and...Ch. 8 - Nitrogen oxide (NO) has been found to be a key...Ch. 8 - Small amounts of oxygen gas can be prepared in the...Ch. 8 - In the late eighteenth century Priestley prepared...Ch. 8 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 8 - Strontium metal is responsible for the red color...Ch. 8 - Nitroglycerin, C3H5(NO3)3(l), is an explosive most...Ch. 8 - A typical fat in the body is glyceryl trioleate,...Ch. 8 - Use the same fat described in Question 27. (a)...Ch. 8 - Which requires the absorption of a greater amount...Ch. 8 - Which evolves more heat—freezing 100.0 g of...Ch. 8 - A student is asked to calculate the amount of heat...Ch. 8 - Follow the step-wise process outlined in Problem...Ch. 8 - A lead ore, galena, consisting mainly of lead(II)...Ch. 8 - A reaction used to produce the silicon for...Ch. 8 - Given the following thermochemical equations,...Ch. 8 - Given the following thermochemical equations:...Ch. 8 - Write thermochemical equations for the...Ch. 8 - Write thermochemical equations for the formation...Ch. 8 - Given 2Al2O3(s)4Al(s)+3O2(g)H=3351.4kJ (a) What is...Ch. 8 - Given 2Cr2O3(s)4Cr(s)+3O2(g)H=+2269.4kJ (a) What...Ch. 8 - Limestone, CaCO3, when subjected to a temperature...Ch. 8 - When hydrazine reacts with oxygen, nitrogen gas...Ch. 8 - Use Table 8.3 to obtain AHO for the following...Ch. 8 - Use Table 8.3 to obtain H for the following...Ch. 8 - Use the appropriate tables to calculate H for (a)...Ch. 8 - Use the appropriate tables to calculate H for (a)...Ch. 8 - When one mole of nitroglycerine, C3H5(NO3)3(l)...Ch. 8 - When one mole of calcium carbonate reacts with...Ch. 8 - Chlorine trifluoride is a toxic, intensely...Ch. 8 - When one mole of ethylene gas, C2H4, reacts with...Ch. 8 - Glucose, C6H12O6(s), (H f =1275.2kJ/mol) is...Ch. 8 - When ammonia reacts with dinitrogen oxide gas (H f...Ch. 8 - How many kJ are equal to 3.27 L atm of work?Ch. 8 - How many L atm are equal to 12.2 kJ of work?Ch. 8 - Find (a) E when a gas absorbs 18 J of heat and has...Ch. 8 - Calculate (a) q when a system does 54 J of work...Ch. 8 - Consider the following reaction in a vessel with a...Ch. 8 - Consider the following reaction in the vessel...Ch. 8 - Determine the difference between H and E at 25C...Ch. 8 - For the vaporization of one mole of bromine at...Ch. 8 - Consider the combustion of propane, C3H8, the fuel...Ch. 8 - Consider the combustion of one mole of methyl...Ch. 8 - Butane gas, C4H10, is sold to campers as bottled...Ch. 8 - The BTU (British thermal unit) is the unit of...Ch. 8 - Natural gas companies in the United States use the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 66QAPCh. 8 - Given the following reactions,...Ch. 8 - In World War II, the Germans made use of otherwise...Ch. 8 - Prob. 69QAPCh. 8 - Consider the reaction between methane and oxygen...Ch. 8 - Consider burning ethane gas, C2H6 in oxygen...Ch. 8 - On complete combustion at constant pressure, a...Ch. 8 - Microwave ovens convert radiation to energy. A...Ch. 8 - In 2010, 3.30109 gallons of gasoline were consumed...Ch. 8 - Some solar-heated homes use large beds of rocks to...Ch. 8 - Consider a solution prepared by dissolving 10.00 g...Ch. 8 - Draw a cylinder with a movable piston containing...Ch. 8 - Redraw the cylinder in Question 77 after work has...Ch. 8 - Which statement(s) is/are true about bond...Ch. 8 - Equal masses of liquid A, initially at 100C, and...Ch. 8 - Determine whether the statements given below are...Ch. 8 - An exothermic reaction is carried out in a...Ch. 8 - Determine whether the statements given below are...Ch. 8 - Microwave ovens emit microwave radiation that is...Ch. 8 - On a hot day, you take a six-pack ot a on a pcmc,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 86QAPCh. 8 - The thermite reaction was once used to weld rails:...Ch. 8 - A sample of sucrose, C12H22O11, is contaminated by...Ch. 8 - A wad of steel wool (specific heat=0.45J/gC) at...Ch. 8 - Consider a metal ion A2+ and its nitrate salt, In...
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- A microwave using 18.99cm IR radiation is used to heat 18.2g water from 18.8C to 71.2C. Find the number of MOLES of photons required to accomplish this task.arrow_forwardYour calibrated soup container has served you pretty well over the last several weeks, so you have decided to use it to heat up your soup for lunch using the microwave oven located just outside your lab. The oven warms food by delivering electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 2.45 GHz at a rate of 7.39 x 10^26 photons per second. Your soup has a mass of 524 grams and your calibrated container has a heat capacity of 69.9 J °C-1. If the initial temperature of your soup is 25 °C, what will be its temperature if you allow it to heat in the microwave for 1.5 minutes? [Assume that the specific heat capacity of your soup is 4.18 J g-1 °C-1.]arrow_forwardAn electron is accelerated through an electric potential to a kinetic energy of 2.24 × 10-15 J.arrow_forward
- Consider light with a wavelength of 5.41 × 10⁻¹⁰ m. How much heat is required to heat 1 cup (237 g) of water from 25 °C to 100 °C? (s(H₂O) = 4.184 J/g・°C)arrow_forwardA container with 0.2450.245 L of water is placed in a microwave and radiated with electromagnetic energy with a wavelength of 10.510.5 cm. The temperature of the water rose by 69.969.9 °C. Calculate the number of photons that were absorbed by the water. Assume water has a density of 1.00 g⋅mL−11.00 g·mL−1 and a specific heat of 4.184 J⋅g−1⋅°C−14.184 J·g−1·°C−1. number of photons =__________________________________photonsarrow_forwardHow the photon energy unit J is changed into pJ (pico-joule) by hand Please explain how to multiply or divide powers of ten (i.e. factors that look like 10x)arrow_forward
- ConstantS i Per MISSED THIS? Read Section 8.2 (Pages 312 - 322) ; Watch KCV 8.2, IWE 8.2 . Part A Determine the energy of 1.30 mol of photons for each of the following kinds of light. (Assume three significant figures.) infrared radiation (1580 nm) Express your answer using three significant figures. E = 984 kJ O You have already submitted this answer. Enter a new answer. No credit lost. Try again.arrow_forward3. The blue color in fireworks is due to copper (1) chloride , (CuCI), is heated at a temperature of 1200 oC. What is the energy emitted at 4.50 x 102 nm by CuCI?arrow_forwardThe rays of the Sun that cause tanning and burning are in the ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. These rays are categorized by wavelength: So-called UV-A radiation has wavelengths in the range of 320-380 nm, whereas UV-B radiation has wavelengths in the range of 290-320 nm. Calculate the energy of a mole of 330-nm photons. E || Submit VT ΑΣΦ Previous Answers Request Answer ? kJ/molarrow_forward
- Oz19) Cl,09) + F,0(g) 2CİF + 0 AH= +167.4 kJ/mol (9) 2CIF. 3(9) + 20, 3F,0 (9) + AH= +341.4 kJ/mol 2 (g) 2 F. 2F,0 (9) + O AH= 43.4kJ/mol 2(g) Choose... Use Hess's law to Calculate AH (in k]/mol) for the following reaction : CIF. 3(9) CIF + 2(9) (g) If AH°, of H,o, is -285.8 KJ/mol and AH° of H.O 2 (9) is -241.8 KJ/mol, then 2 (L) the AH°, of condensation of H,0 in ( KJ/mol) is ? IS (L) " Choose... Using the following information below, calculate AH°, for Pbo in kJ/mol. (s) + CO 2(g), = -131.4 kJ/mol Pbo + CO (s) (g) Pb (s) AHO Molecules AH°, Choose... CO (9) -110.5 CO 219) -393.5arrow_forwardLight in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum excites vibrations of certain molecules, causing them to move more rapidly. In this manner, infrared light can be used to heat a substance. If a 1000.-mW, 808-nm laser is used to heat a 50.0-mL sample of water from 22.0 o C to its boiling point, a) how many photons will the water absorb and b) what is the minimum amount of time this will take?arrow_forwardThe scattering of sunlight by the mixture of gas molecules in air results in the blue color of the sky. Calculate the energy (in Joules) of a single photon of blue light with a frequency of 7.90 x 1014 Hz. (h = 6.626 x 10 34 J•s) J 1 3 4 6. C 7 8. 9. +/- 0. x 100 3 35,997 8. SEP tv 280 MacBook Pro Search or type URL 2. +.arrow_forward
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