Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 4QP
Genetically Modified Foods
The creation of transgenic crop plants using recombinant DNA methods involves the transfer of just one gene or a small number of genes to the plants, in contrast to classical breeding methods in which hundreds or even thousands of genes are transferred at once. Explain why this is true. If fewer genes are transferred during the creation of transgenic crops, why are some people afraid that they are dangerous?
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Genetically modified foods are products produced from organisms that have had changes
introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. Golden rice, Flavr Savr
tomatoes and Roundup Ready soyabeans are products of this technology. Discuss the
advantages of these three genetically modified crops. Name ONE (1) strategy to produce
transformed plant cells.
The temperature at which the primers and target DNA hybridize may be changed to influence the stringency of PCR amplification. What effect will changing the hybridization temperature have on the amplification? Let's say you have a certain yeast gene A and want to check whether it has a human equivalent. How might managing the hybridization's rigor benefit you?
What is complementary base pairing? Be able to figure out the nucleotide sequence of the 2nd strand of DNA if you’re given the first (as happens when DNA replicates); or the RNA sequence that would pair with a DNA sequence (as happens during transcription).
What is Biotechnology? Recombinant DNA? What is a restriction enzyme and how is it used to make recombinant DNA? What is a transgenic animal? Transgenic crops?
What is Forensics? Why are the following things important in forensic (or medical genetic) testing: PCR? STRs? What is CODIS?
What is a multifactorial trait? A polygenic trait? Some examples of each? How do they differ from Mendelian traits?
What is cancer? How do cancer cells differ from normal cells? Why is control of the cell cycle crucial?
Genetic influences in developing cancer: what is an oncogene? a tumor suppressor? Difference between a benign and a malignant tumore? Metastasis?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 14.6 - Suppose you are arrested for a serious crime and a...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 2EGCh. 14 - Can DNA profiling identify the source of a sample...Ch. 14 - Can DNA profiling identify the source of a sample...Ch. 14 - Can DNA profiling identify the source of a sample...Ch. 14 - Biopharming: Making Human Proteins in Animals...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2QPCh. 14 - Prob. 3QPCh. 14 - Genetically Modified Foods The creation of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5QP
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- Non-conventional genetic engineering transformation method for transfer of wheat lysine genes in to common bean genomearrow_forwardAgrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is a method used to create transgenic plants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium works exceptionally well as a natural genetic engineer. Describe briefly the creation of a transgenic plant using A. tumefaciens with illustration.arrow_forwardYou learned in the chapter that an STR locus is a locus where alleles differ in the number of copies of a short, tandemly repeated DNA sequence. PCR is used to determine the number of alleles present, as shown by the size of the DNA fragment amplified. In the Figure below are the results of PCR analysis for STR alleles at a locus where the repeat unit length is 9 bp, and alleles are known that have 5 to 11 copies of the repeat. Given the STR alleles present in the adults, state whether each of the four juveniles could or could not be an off-spring of those two adults. Explain your answers.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the process of DNA sequencing? a. DNA is separated on a gel, and the different bands are labeled with fluorescent nucleotides and scanned with a laser. b. A laser is used to fluorescently label the nucleotides present within the DNA, the DNA is run on a gel, and then the DNA is broken into fragments. c. Nucleotides are scanned with a laser and incorporated into the DNA that has been separated on a gel, and then the DNA is amplified with PCR. d. Fragments of DNA are produced in a reaction that labels them with any of four different fluorescent dyes, and the fragments then are run on a gel and scanned with a laser. e. DNA is broken down into its constituent nucleotides, and the nucleotides are then run on a gel and purified with a laser.arrow_forwardChoose the false statement. O Genetic engineering includes recombinant DNA techniques whereby DNA is hydrolyzed at specific sequences, pasted back together with ligase, and then inserted into cells of interest. O GMOS are organisms that, if eaten as a nutrient source, can genetically modify our DNA. OBacterial cells that have been transformed with the engineered plasmid can be selected for by utilizing antibiotics in the media and adding a drug resistance gene to the plasmid.arrow_forwardWhy is Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation described as Natural Genetic engineering in plants?arrow_forward
- Why is “Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation” in plants described as natural genetic engineer of plants?arrow_forwardAnswer the following correctly. Designer Genes Work (This is all about Applications of Recombinant DNA). Illustrate Designer genes using this information: The Arctic apple is a fruit engineered to resist browning after being cut. Currently they are only available in the US – in golden, fuji and gala varieties – where they have been given Food and Drug Administration approval. If approved in Europe, they would have to be labelled as genetically modified. The manufacturers claim the main benefit is to help cut down on food waste. And based on the following: a. Identify a special trait. b. Identify a source organism. c. Identify a target organism d. Identify the modified/added trait. Example Answer: Hot Tomato > Chili > Tomato > Spicy Tomato It was reported this week that Brazilian scientists are hoping to create spicy tomatoes using Crispr gene-editing techniques. Although tomatoes contain the genes for capsaicinoids (the chemicals that give chillies their heat) they…arrow_forward10:25 Name_ Bio320 What is lignin and its role in plants? Why can reducing the amount of lignin in trees enhance the efficiency of cellulostic-ethanol production? Why can't trees be genetically engineered without any lignin at all? 5Gº Why are transgenic approaches rather than traditional breeding being used to create trees with altered levels of lignin? Where can you find the only company in the USA that makes transgenic trees that are found in forests? Go to this company's website. What type of endangered tree are they trying to survive? AA moodle22-23.coastal.eduarrow_forward
- Conjugation What does conjugation mean (with figures/narratives) How does conjugation work (with figures/narratives)arrow_forwardWhy is gene editing becoming a trend in modern genetic engineering? Provide a concrete example on your explanation. 2. Out of 4 presented methodologies in gene modification/editing, which do you think is the most promising in providing efficient result? Why do you say so? 3. What makes the species of Agrobacterium ideal for genetic engineering? Describe its characteristics and its role in producing transgenic plants. 4. In which of the following aspects do you think it is worthwhile to develop genetic engineering? Why or why not? a.) Agriculture and Food Industry b.) Medicine c.)Research d.) Entertainment 5. What are the possible bioethical issues that gene editing tools may encounter? 6. Do you think genetic engineers play God when they modify the genes of various organisms to enhance their existing traits? Why or why not?arrow_forwardGenetic transfer via transformation can also be used to map genes along the bacterial chromosome. In this approach, fragments of chromosomal DNA are isolated from one bacterial strain and used to transform another strain. The experimenter examines the transformed bacteria to see if they have incorporated two or more different genes. For example, the DNA may be isolated from a donor E. coli bacterium that has functional copies of the araB and leuD genes. Let’s call these genes araB+ and leuD+ to indicate the genes are functional. These two genes are required for arabinose metabolismand leucine synthesis, respectively. To map the distance betweenthese two genes via transformation, a recipient bacterium is used that is araB− and leuD−. Following transformation, the recipient bacterium may become araB+ and leuD+. This phenomenon is calledcotransformation because two genes from the donor bacterium have been transferred to the recipient via transformation. In this type of experiment, the…arrow_forward
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