Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4.3, Problem 1CC
VISUAL SKILLS Ø What does the term amino acid signify about the structure of such a molecule? See Figure 4.9.
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Structure Writing: Draw the structure of peptide with sequence G-A-N-D-A
Exercise A: Amino Acid Functional Groups
Figure 1 below shows one of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins. Recall that
carbon can form four covalent bonds. Amino acids consist of a central carbon, called
the a-carbon, that is bonded to four different chemical groups.
H
+
CH2
OH
Figure 1. Structure of an amino acid
Answer the below questions in your own document.
• On the amino acid shown in Figure 1, label the a-carbon.
• The a-carbon of each of the 20 amino acids is bonded to one hydrogen
atom, one amino group, one carboxyl group, and one R group (more on
that below). You should recognize the amino and carboxyl groups from our
discussion of functional groups in organic molecules. Circle and label* the
amino group and the carboxyl group in Figure 1.
*Note: our goal in this question, and in similar questions throughout this lab, is for
you to be able to identify specific structures. You can do this circling/labeling in
whatever way is easiest for you. You might want to draw the…
Exercise B: Peptide Bond Formation
Figure 2 shows two individual amino acids, and then those same two amino acids after
they have been linked together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. Addition of
more amino acids linked by peptide bonds would form a polypeptide, the precursor to a
functional protein.
H
H
H.
H
H
+| |
H-N-Ċ- ċ-0
H-N-Ć- Ĉ-O
H-N-Č -C.
N-C-C-
H
CH2
H.
CH2
H.
CH2
H
CH2
SH
SH
NH2
NH2
Figure 2. Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids.
Answer the below questions in your own document.
F1. Which two amino acids are shown on the left side of Figure 2? Use the Figure
They 3.2 from your text to answer this.
2. To which chemical groups do these amino acids belong?
3. Were you able to identify their chemical characteristics based on your rules? If
not, you should go back and revise your rules!
On the dipeptide shown in Figure 2, label the peptide bond that was formed when the
two individual amino acids were joined. Label the free amino and carboxyl groups at
the ends…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.2 - DRAW IT (a) Draw a structural formula for C2H4....Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.2 - How are gasoline and fat chemically similar?Ch. 4.2 - VISUAL SKILLS See Figures 4.5a and 4.7. Can...Ch. 4.3 - VISUAL SKILLS What does the term amino acid...Ch. 4.3 - What chemical change occurs to ATP when it reacts...Ch. 4.3 - DRAW IT Suggose you had an organic molecule such...Ch. 4 - How did Stanley Miller's experiments support the...Ch. 4 - In what ways does a methyl group differ chemically...
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3CRCh. 4 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 4 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Which chemical group is most...Ch. 4 - VISUAL SKILLS Visualize the structural formula of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 4 - VISUAL SKILLS Identify the asymmetric carbon in...Ch. 4 - Which action could produce a carbonyl group? (A)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 4 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 4 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY 50 years ago, pregnant women...Ch. 4 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In 1918, an...Ch. 4 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Explain how the chemical...
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- Prepare & define the alpha-helical structure of protein with examplesarrow_forwardIdentify. Examine the following four amino acids (A-D): Co0 "H,N- CH "H,N CH "H;N-CH "H,N CH CH2 CH2 CH, CH CH2 CH3 CH, CH2 OH NH," B D What are their names, three-letter abbreviations, and one-letter symbols?arrow_forwardPredict the protein 3° structure of the following protein sequence. Provide detail from 2° structure principles Nterm – SLDVTFSPGAEITFKWNPGSFNSLKDTIRQVTDK – Ctermarrow_forward
- Exercise B: Peptide Bond Formation Figure 3 shows two individual amino acids, and then those same two amino acids after they have been linked together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. Addition of more amino acids linked by peptide bonds would form a polypeptide, the precursor to a functional protein. нн H H O нно H O +| | || H-N-C-ċ-o + +| 1 || H-N-C-C +| | || Н-N—С- С—N—C—С H CH2 H CH2 H CH2 CH2 SH SH NH2 NH2 Figure 3. Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids. Answer the below questions in your own document. • Which two amino acids are shown on the left side of Figure 3? Use Figure 2 to answer this. • To which chemical groups do these amino acids belong? Were you able to identify their chemical characteristics based on your rules? If not, you should go back and revise your rules! On the dipeptide shown in Figure 3, label the peptide bond that was formed when the two individual amino acids were joined. Label the free amino and carboxyl groups at the ends of this…arrow_forwardFind the structure of a tetrapeptide using the clues presented below. Draw the chemical formula of the peptide. * Full hydrolysis of the peptide yields equimolar amounts of alanine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine and ammonia. * Sanger analysis of the peptide yields 2,4- dinitrophenylalanine. (formula, equation?) * Carboxypeptidase enzyme doesn't hydrolyze the peptide. (Why?) * Partial hydrolysis of the peptide yields the following fragments, each with unknown order: Ser, Ala, Gly Gly, Asp NH3arrow_forwardExercise B: Peptide Bond Formation Figure 2 shows two individual amino acids, and then those same two amino acids after they have been linked together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. Addition of more amino acids linked by peptide bonds would form a polypeptide, the precursor to a functional protein. нн +| | || H-N-C-Ĉ-0 H. +! | || H-N-C-ċ –0 H. H H H +| | || H-N-C-C-N-C-C- + H CH2 CH2 H CH2 H. CH2 SH SH NH, NH, Figure 2. Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids. Answer the below questions in your own document. 1. Which two amino acids are shown on the left side of Figure 2? Use the Figure 3.2 from your text to answer this. 2. To which chemical groups do these amino acids belong? 3. Were you able to identify their chemical characteristics based on your rules? If not, you should go back and revise your rules! On the dipeptide shown in Figure 2, label the peptide bond that was formed when the two individual amino acids were joined. Label the free amino and carboxyl…arrow_forward
- Draw out the basic amino acid structure (not specific) What is a peptide bond?arrow_forward* Draw the tripeptide FTQ, making sure to care for stereochemistry.* Identify the N-terminus and the C-terminus of the peptide.* Identify what type of stabilizing interactions the amino acid side chains could employ in the tertiary andquaternary structure of a protein.arrow_forwardI. Apply your knowledge on the basic structure of amino acids by creating a polypeptide chain that is 4 amino acids long showing its structural formula, II. Why are R groups important in amino acids?arrow_forward
- GTTTTCACTGGCGAGCGTCATCTTCCTACT 10. Generate a secondary structure prediction for one identified protein.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion On paper draw a dipeptide, clearly showing the peptide bond joining the two amino acids together. If the two amino acids are valine and threonine, predict the overall charge of the dipeptide at pH 7. Do not forget to consider the amino (N-terminal) and carboxy (C-terminal) of the dipeptide, as well as the R groups. Select one: a. +2 b. -2 c. 0 d. -1 e. +1arrow_forwardCalculate the Rf values for each of the amino acids and enter your data in the table.Based on your calculations, what is the identity of the Unknown amino acid? Rank the amino acids from most hydrophilic to most hydrophobicarrow_forward
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