Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 16.3, Problem 1TC
A team of phys clans treated four patients with breast cancer. Each patient received a course of chemotherapy (the same combination of drugs for each patient). In addition, researchers sequenced the genotype of cells in healthy skin tissue and in each patient's tumor at intervals during the treatment period. At the end of the course of treatment, all four patients were declared free of detectable cancer. But within 18 months, three of the patients had suffered a relapse. The researchers sequenced samples from the new tumors. If you compared the genetic information from the four patients, what kind of difference might you expect to find between the cured patient and the ones who suffered relapses? How might the theory of evolution by natural selection explain the difference?
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Part A and B
A. What are the Hallmarks of Cancer?
A) Criteria that are used to identify tumors in patientsB) Criteria that are used to classify cancers in patientsC) Criteria that must be met for cancer development and maintenanceD) Criteria that must be met to prevent cancer
B. What is not a Hallmark of Cancer?
A) Sustained proliferative signalingB) Sustained apoptosisC) ImmortalityD) AngiogenesisE) Evasion of growth suppressors
1)
A) List 15 drugs (monoclonal antibodies can be used) used clinically to treat cancer in humans. These targets must be signal transduction pathway components.
B) For each drug, list the specific protein targeted.
C) For each drug, describe the efficacy of treatment (i.e. what is the success rate in life extension) as well as appropriate cost of treatment whether it be per round or an average annual cost.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3TCCh. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5TCCh. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...
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