1 The Nature Of Light 2 Geometric Optics And Image Formation 3 Interference 4 Diffraction 5 Relativity 6 Photons And Matter Waves 7 Quantum Mechanics 8 Atomic Structure 9 Condensed Matter Physics 10 Nuclear Physics 11 Particle Physics And Cosmology Chapter8: Atomic Structure
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 8.1CYU: Check Your Understanding Can the magnitude of Lzever be equal to L? Problem 8.2CYU: Check Your Understanding If the Stem-Gerlach experiment yielded four distinct bands instead of two,... Problem 8.3CYU: Check Your Understanding X-rays are produced by bombarding a metal target with high-energy... Problem 1CQ: Identify the physical significance of each of the quantum numbers of the hydrogen atom. Problem 2CQ: Describe the ground state of hydrogen in terms of wave function, probability density, and atomic... Problem 3CQ: Distinguish between Bohr’s and Schiödinger’s model of the hydrogen atom. In particular, compare the... Problem 4CQ: Explain why spectral lines of the hydrogen atom are split by an external magnetic field. What... Problem 5CQ: A hydrogen atom is placed in a magnetic field. Which of the following quantities are affected? (a)... Problem 6CQ: On what factors does the orbital magnetic dipole moment of an electron depend? Problem 7CQ: Explain how a hydrogen atom in the ground state (l = 0) can interact magnetically with an external... Problem 8CQ: Compare orbital angular momentum with spin angular momentum of an electron in the hydrogen atom. Problem 9CQ: List all the possible values of s and msfor an electron. Are there particles for which these values... Problem 10CQ: Are the angular momentum vectors L necessarily S aligned? Problem 11CQ: What is spin-orbit coupling? Problem 12CQ: What is Pauli's exclusion principle? Explain the importance of this principle for the understanding... Problem 13CQ: Compare the electron configurations of the elements in the same column of the periodic table. Problem 14CQ: Compare the electron configurations of the elements that belong in the same now of the periodic... Problem 15CQ: Atomic and molecular spectra are discrete. What does discrete mean, and how are discrete spectra... Problem 16CQ: Discuss the process of the absorption of light by matter in terms of the atomic structure of the... Problem 17CQ: NGC1763 is an emission nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud just outside our Milky Way Galaxy.... Problem 18CQ: Why are X-rays emitted only for electron transitions to inner shells? What type of photon is emitted... Problem 19CQ: How do the allowed orbits for electrons in atoms differ from the allowed orbits for planets around... Problem 20CQ: Distinguish between coherent and monochromatic light. Problem 21CQ: Why is a metastable state necessary for the production of laser light? Problem 22CQ: How does light from an incandescent light bulb differ from laser light? Problem 23CQ: How is a Blu-Ray player able to read more information that a CD player? Problem 24CQ: What are the similarities and differences between a CD player and a Blu-Ray player? Problem 25P: The wave function is evaluated at rectangular coordinates (x. y, z) = (2, 1, 1) in arbitrary units.... Problem 26P: If an atom has an election in the n = 5 state with m = 3, what are the possible values of l? Problem 27P: What are the possible values of m for an electron in the n = 4 state? Problem 28P: What, if any, constraints does a value of m = 1 place on the other quantum numbers for an electron... Problem 29P: What are the possible values of m for an electron in the n = 4 state? Problem 30P: (a) How many angles can L make with the z-axis for an l=2 electron? (b) Calculate the value of the... Problem 31P: The force on an electron is “negative the gradient of the potential energy function.” Use this... Problem 32P: What is the total number of states with orbital angular momentum l = 0 ? (Ignore electron spin.) Problem 33P: The wave function is evaluated at spherical coordinates (r, ?, f) = ( 3 , 45°, 45°), where the value... Problem 34P: Coulomb's force law states that the force between two charged particles is: F=kQqr2. Use this... Problem 35P: Write an expression for the total number of states with orbital angular momentum l. Problem 36P: Consider hydrogen in the ground state, 100 . (a) Use the derivative to determine the radial position... Problem 37P: What is the probability that the is electron of a hydrogen atom is found outside the Bohr radius? Problem 38P: How many polar angles are possible for an electron in the l = 5 state? Problem 39P: What is the maximum number of orbital angular momentum electron states in the n = 2 shell of a... Problem 40P: What is the maximum number of orbital angular momentum electron states in the n = 3 shell of a... Problem 41P: Find die magnitude of the orbital magnetic dipole moment of the election in in the 3p state.... Problem 42P: A current of I = 2A flows through a square-shaped wire with 2-cm side lengths. What is the magnetic... Problem 43P: Estimate the ratio of the electron magnetic moment to the moment magnetic moment for the same state... Problem 44P: Find die magnitude of the orbital magnetic dipole moment of the election in in the 4d state.... Problem 45P: For a 3d electron in an external magnetic field of 2.50 × 10-3 T, find (a) the current associated... Problem 46P: An electron in a hydrogen atom is in the n = 5, l = 4 state. Find the smallest angle the magnetic... Problem 47P: Find the minimum torque magnitude that acts on the orbital magnetic dipole of a 3p electron in an... Problem 48P: An election in a hydrogen atom is in 3p state. Find the smallest angle the magnetic moment makes... Problem 49P: Show that U=B . (Hint: An infinitesimal amount of work is done to align the magnetic moment with the... Problem 50P: What is the magnitude of the spin momentum of an electron? (Express you answer in terms of h.) Problem 51P: What are the possible polar orientations of the spin momentum vector for an electron? Problem 52P: For n = 1, write all the possible sets of quantum numbers (n, l, m, ms). Problem 53P: A hydrogen atom is placed in an external uniform magnetic field (B = 200 T). Calculate the... Problem 54P: If the magnetic field in the preceding problem is quadrupled, what happens to the wavelength of... Problem 55P: If the magnetic moment in the preceding problem is doubled, what happens to the frequency of light... Problem 56P: For n = 2, write all the possible sets of quantum numbers (n, l, m, ms). Problem 57P: (a) How many electrons can be in the n = 4 shell? (b) What are its subshells, and how many elections... Problem 58P: (a) What is the minimum value of l for a subshell that contains 11 electrons? (b) If this subshell... Problem 59P: Unreasonable result. Which of die following spectroscopic notations are not allowed? (a) 5s1 (b)... Problem 60P: Write the electron configuration for potassium. Problem 61P: Write the election configuration for iron. Problem 62P: The valence election of potassium is excited to a 5d state, (a) What is the magnitude of the... Problem 63P: (a) If one subshell of an atom has nine electrons in it, what is the minimum value of (b) What is... Problem 64P: Write the electron configuration for magnesium. Problem 65P: Write the electron configuration for carbon. Problem 66P: The magnitudes of the resultant spins of the electrons of the elements B through Ne when in the... Problem 67P: What is the minimum frequency of a photon required to ionize: (a) a He+ ion in its ground stare? (b)... Problem 68P: The ion Li2+ makes ail atomic transition from ail n = 4 state to ail n = 2 state, (a) What is the... Problem 69P: The red light emitted by a ruby laser has a wavelength of 694.3 nm. What is the difference in energy... Problem 70P: The yellow light from a sodium-vapor street lamp is produced by a transition of sodium atoms from a... Problem 71P: Estimate the frequency of the KaX-ray from cesium. Problem 72P: Estimate the frequency of the K X-ray from cesium. Problem 73P: X-rays are produced by striking a target with a beam of electrons. Prior to striking the target, the... Problem 74P: For the preceding problem, what happens to the minimum wavelength if the voltage across the X-ray... Problem 75P: Suppose the experiment in the preceding problem is conducted with muous. What happens to the minimum... Problem 76P: An X-ray tube accelerates an electron with an applied voltage of 50 kV toward a metal target, (a)... Problem 77P: A color television tube generates some X-rays when its election beam strikes the screen. What is the... Problem 78P: An X-ray tube has an applied voltage of 100 kV. (a) What is the most energetic X-ray photon it can... Problem 79P: The maximum characteristic X-ray photon energy comes from the capture of a free electron into a K... Problem 80P: What are the approximate energies of the K and KX-rays for copper? Problem 81P: Compare the X-ray photon wavelengths for copper and gold. Problem 82P: The approximate energies of the K and K X-rays for copper are Ek=8.00 keV and Ek=9.48 keV,... Problem 83P: A carbon dioxide laser used in surgery emits infrared radiation with a wavelength of 10.6 µm . In... Problem 84P: An excimer laser used for vision correction emits UV radiation with a wavelength of 193 nm. (a)... Problem 85AP: For a hydrogen atom in an excited state with principal quantum number n, show that the smallest... Problem 86AP: What is the probability that the Is electron of hydrogen atom is found between r = 0 and r= ? Problem 87AP: Sketch the potential energy function of an electron in a hydrogen atom, (a) What is the value of... Problem 88AP: Find the value of l, the orbital angular momentum quantum number, for the Moon around Earth. Problem 89AP: Show that the maximum number of orbital angular momentum electron states in the nth shell of an atom... Problem 90AP: What is the magnitude of an electron magnetic moment? Problem 91AP: What is the maximum number of electron states n = 5 shell? Problem 92AP: A ground-state hydrogen atom is placed in a uniform magnetic field, and a photon is emitted in the... Problem 93AP: Show that the maximum number of electron states the nth shell of an atom is 2n2. Problem 94AP: The valence election of chlorine is excited to a 3p state, (a) What is the magnitude of the... Problem 95AP: Which of the following notations are allowed (that is, which violate none of the rules regarding... Problem 96AP: The ion Be3+ makes an atomic transition from an n =: 3 state to an n = 2 state, (a) What is the... Problem 97AP: The maximum characteristic X-ray photon energy comes from the capture of a free electron into a K... Problem 98AP: Derive an expression for the ratio of X-ray photon frequency for two elements with atomic numbers Z1... Problem 99AP: Compare the X-ray photon wavelengths for copper and silver. Problem 100AP: (a) What voltage must be applied to an X-ray tube to obtain 0.0100-fm-wavelength X-rays for use in... Problem 101AP: A student in a physics laboratory observes a hydrogen spectrum with a diffraction grating for the... Problem 98AP: Derive an expression for the ratio of X-ray photon frequency for two elements with atomic numbers Z1...
Related questions
Concept explainers
1. What is the wavelength of a radio photon from an AM radio station that broadcasts at 1470 kilohertz?
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
2. What is the energy of a radio photon from the same station?
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
For question 1 I am not sure how to solve it because the frequency is in kilohertz and I don't know how to convert it into something that I can use.
For the speed of light in this question, would it be best to use 3 x 10^8 m/s or 3 x 10^5 km/s?
For question 2 I have the formula to use, I'm just uncertain of how to use it.
Transcribed Image Text: E = hxf = photon energy
h = 6.626 x 10-34 joule x s
Planck's
%3D
constant
Definition Definition Rate at which light travels, measured in a vacuum. The speed of light is a universal physical constant used in many areas of physics, most commonly denoted by the letter c . The value of the speed of light c = 299,792,458 m/s, but for most of the calculations, the value of the speed of light is approximated as c = 3 x 10 8 m/s.
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