e. Use PSPP/SPSS to calculate the Chi Square value. Use the instructions on pages 304-305. Copy/paste the output table. Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Age * Strength 138 100.0% 0 0.0% 138 100.0% Age * Strength Crosstabulation Strength Strong Moderate Weak Total Age Young Count 22 18 12 52 Expected Count 17.7 18.8 15.4 52.0 Middle Count 20 22 20 62 Expected Count 21.1 22.5 18.4 62.0 Old Count 5 10 9 24 Expected Count 8.2 8.7 7.1 24.0 Total Count 47 50 41 138 Expected Count 47.0 50.0 41.0 138.0 Chi-Square Tests Asymptotic Significance Value df (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 3.9692 4 .410 Likelihood Ratio 4.110 4 .391 Linear-by-Linear 3.628 1 .057 Association N of Valid Cases 138 a. O cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...