Why is the transformation of liquid water to solid water spontaneous at -20 °C? Because AHxn <0 Because AHxn > 0 Because A,S > 0 More than one of these answers is correct None of these answers is correct

Why is the transformation of liquid water to solid water spontaneous at -20 °C? Because AHxn <0 Because AHxn > 0 Because A,S > 0 More than one of these answers is correct None of these answers is correct

Chemistry for Engineering Students

3rd Edition

ISBN:9781285199023

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter10: Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.39PAE: How does the second law of thermodynamics explain a spontaneous change in a system that becomes more...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Draw the best Lewis structure of HOOCCH₂COO. Include lone pair electrons and any formal charges.

A: The Lewis structure shows all the lone pair of electrons, types of bond and also the formal charge…

Q: How can the number of grams of a compound be converted to the number of moles of the compound? a.)…

A: In Chemistry, one mole of a substance is defined as the amount of the substance that contains…

Q: predict the product t) NH₂ 1) CH₂l (excess) 2) Ag₂O, H₂O, heat HNO₂ H₂SO4 H₂PO₂

A: The question is based on organic reactions. we need to identify the product formed and explain…

Q: 50.0 mL of a 0.50 M solution of an unknown monoprotic weak base is titrated with HBr to the…

A: we have to calculate the value of Kb

Q: Based the ionic convention, what is the formal charge of the PPh3 ligand? +2 QUESTION 41 What is the…

A: Formula for calculating formal charge ( Based on ionic convention) : Formal charge, qF = nv - nnb-…

Q: H₂O2(1) + CIO₂(aq) → CIO₂ (aq) + O₂(g) What is being reduced? CIO₂ H₂O2

A: Oxidation means addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen or loss of electron or increase in…

Q: What would be the pH of a 6.55 M solution of hydrocyanic acid (HCN)? (Ka of HCN is 6.2x10^-10

Q: What is the molecular geometry in the following structure for the atom label #2? H O bent C O…

A: we have to determine the molecular geometry of the atom labelled #2

Q: At a particular temperature, Kp = 0.500 for the reaction N₂04(9) 2NO₂(g) A flask containing only…

A: Answer: According to Dalton's law of partial pressure, total pressure of the system is equal to the…

Q: Temperature Time's Up! A phase change graph is shown below. Assume that pressure is constant. Heat…

A: Given curve represents various phases and phase changes . we need to identify phase present at…

Q: Question 4: Predict the major products of the following you OCH, PNHNH: H (1) DIBAL-H (-80) HO (1)…

A: DIBAL-H less reactive but more selective reducing agent. Mainly it is used for reduction of ester…

Q: √x 1² H+ Heating represent the mechanism to get the product A and B Birch B ?

A: In the first step there is intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution and the second step is…

Q: (a) Evaluate the commutator for the operators 2² and ². (b) k x³ sin(hr + π)

Q: QUESTIONS 1) Calculate the final pH of 25 mL of the 0.1 M Tris-HCI / Tris buffer, pH = 7.20, after…

Q: The phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase is an example of a(n) Isomerization O Free-radical…

A: Phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase is a key initial step in glucose metabolism, which involves…

Q: For a gas phase reaction, Ea = 103 kJ/mole and the rate constant is 0.0850 min-1 at 273 K. Find the…

Q: Draw the major product expected - Br Na O Et a) b) () Br Br Naly Naly

A: The question is based on organic reactions. we need to identify the product formed and explain…

Q: Predict which would be more viscous (have greater viscosity): SHAMPOO ✓ O COFFEE What do you know…

A: This answer compares the viscosity of shampoo and coffee .T

Q: Steam reforming of methane (CH) produces "synthesis gas," a mixture of carbon monoxide gas and…

Q: Given the same reactant concentrations, the below reaction at 245. °C is 51.4 times as fast as the…

Q: The rate of the hemoglobin (Hb)-carbon monoxide reaction has been studied. 4Hb + 3CO…

A: We have to determine rate equation for the reaction rate constant ate at the instant when [Hb] =…

Q: ο The rate of the given reaction is 0.600 M/s. A + 3B -2C What is the relative rate of change of…

Q: Calculate the lattice enthalpies, ΔU (also called ΔHL), of the following group 1 fluoride compounds…

A: According to the Born-Mayer equation, ∆U=-Na Z+Z-doe2A4πεo1-ddo where Z+, Z- are the charges present…

Q: Draw the best Lewis structure of CH4 (COO). Include lone pair electrons and any formal charges.…

A: The molecular formula of the compound indicates that it is a pthalate ion with two carboxylate group…

Q: The mass of one atom or molecule of a substance is given in atomic mass units, also called Daltons…

A: Mass of one atom / molecule of a substance is given in atomic mass unit which is also called Dalton.

Q: 4) Identify the mirror image of a) H- HO CHO OH H OH CH₂OH b) HO Н- HO H- но- H CHO CHO -H CH₂OH OH…

Q: Remember to keep a few extra digits while calculating, and only round your final answer to the…

Q: aqueous sodium bromide yo form a pracepitate? Pb(C2H3O2) aq LiNO3 aq KCl aq NH4 aq

Q: 1. How many unpaired electrons are in the neon atom? A. Paramagnetic B. Diamagnetic This atom is 2.…

A: -> Paramagnetic species have unpaired electrons . -> Diamagnetic species have all paired…

Q: Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. What volume of carbon…

Q: Identify the sequence of reactions that successfully completes the following transformat Ph A. 1.…

A: Alkenes shows an electrophilic addition reactions. Due to presence of pi- bond alkenes act as the…

Q: A₂ B₂ AB A₂+B₂-2 AB Suppose the reaction is carried out at two temperatures for the same amount of…

A: The reactants when undergo collision in proper orientation then it results in the formation of the…

Q: What is an acceptable set of reaction conditions to afford the following transformation? b с d e…

A: Detail

Q: НО + H3C 0 0 CH3 Na

A: The OH of alcohol is more nucleophilic than oxygen of anhydride. The abstraction of a proton is…

Q: The literature Ksp value for Mg(OH)2 is 1.8x10-¹¹. (a) Calculate the theoretical [OH-] in a…

A: Answer: For a sparingly soluble compound it is considered that all its dissolved quantity is in…

Q: Many compounds are only partially dissociated into ions in aqueous solution. Trichloroacetic acid…

A: Trichloroacetic acid dissociates in water according to the equation---- CCl3CO2H (aq)↔H+(aq) +…

Q: Determine the overall orders of the reactions to which the following rate laws apply: Part 1 of 2…

A: Overall order of a reaction is the sum of the powers raised to all the concentration terms in the…

Q: A 10.0 mL solution of 0.330 M NH, is titrated with a 0.110 M HCI solution. Calculate the pH after…

A: Given, Molarity of NH3 = 0.330 M Volume of NH3 = 10.0 mL Molarity of HCl = 0.110 M. Volumes of HCl…

Q: The molecule does not react with bromine in chloroform but can be brominated using bromine and…

A: A question based on reactions of aromatic compounds and NMR spectroscopy. 3 subdivision questions…

Q: Answer questions a-c about the Bronsted acid-base reaction below using the identifying letters A-D…

A: The substance with lower pKa are the stronger acid and weaker bases whereas the substances with…

Q: Draw the best Lewis structure of C₂0. Include lone pair electrons and any formal charges. Click and…

A: The formula of the given compound belongs to oxalate ion where two C=O is present along with two…

Q: 46) Which of the following compounds have the same degree of unsaturation? CsHsBr₂NO C8H₁0BrIO C₂H₁1…

A: In an organic compound, the degree of unsaturation or the hydrogen deficiency index (HDI) can be…

Q: Use the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or…

A: To provide the sign of ∆H and ∆S of a reaction based on the following description: (A) This…

Q: Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. How many moles of…

Q: Given the standard enthalpy changes for the following two reactions: (1) 4C(s) + 5H₂(g)- →C4H10(g)…

Q: Question 12 Give the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction 2HBr₂(g) Br₂(g) + H₂(g) OK=…

Q: Assuming the value of Ea calculated from the 36-degree drop and assuming that the rate of breakdown…

A: We have find out the answer.

Q: A carboxylic acid functional group can ionize and therefore adopts different charged states…

A: In the given question we have to identify the all possible charge states associated with carboxylic…

Q: Arrange the following atoms or ions in order of decreasing ionization energy: 02, Mg²+, F-, Nat From…

A: Note: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first…

Q: What is the pH of a 0.44 M solution of the weak base C6H5NH₂ (aniline)? Kb 4.2 x 10-10 3 4.87 b.…

A: Since you have posted multiple questions with multiple sub parts,we will provide the solution only…

Question

Why is the transformation of liquid water to solid water spontaneous at -20 °C?
Because AHxn < 0
Because AHxn > 0
Because A,S > 0
More than one of these answers is correct
None of these answers is correct

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1: Given:

VIEW

Step 2: First knowing the transformation of liquid water to solid water is expected to occur spontaneously.

VIEW

Step 3: Explanation

VIEW

Solution

VIEW

Step by step

Solved in 4 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

What is the second law of thermodynamics? For any process, there are four possible sign combinations for Ssys and Ssurr. Which sign combination(s) always give a spontaneous process? Which sign combination(s) always give a non-spontaneous process? Which sign combination(s) may or may not give a spontaneous process?
What happens to the entropy of the universe during a spontaneous process?
For the reaction NO(g)+NO2(g)N2O3(g) , use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate H and S. Then use those values to answer the following questions. (a) Is this reaction spontaneous at 25°C? Explain your answer. (b) If the reaction is not spontaneous at 25°C, will it become spontaneous at higher temperatures or lower temperatures? (c) To show that your prediction is accurate, choose a temperature that corresponds to your prediction in part (b) and calculate G . (Assume that both enthalpy and entropy are independent of temperature.)
10.51 The combustion of acetylene was used in welder's torches for many years because it produces a very hot flame: C2H2(g)+52O2(g)2CO2(g)+H2O(g) H= -1255.5 kJ (a) Use data in Appendix E to calculate S for this reaction, (b) Calculate G and show that the reaction is spontaneous at 25°C. (c) Ls there any temperature range in which this reaction is not spontaneous? (d) Do you think you could use Equation 10.4 to calculate such a temperature range reliably? Explain your answer.
In a spontaneous process, S(universe) is (a) 0 (b) = 0 (c) 0
How does the second law of thermodynamics explain a spontaneous change in a system that becomes more ordered when that process is exothermic?
At 100C and 1.00 atm, H = 40.6 kJ/mol for the vaporization of water. Estimate G for the vaporization of water at 90.C and 110.C. Assume H and S at 100.C and 1.00 atm do not depend on temperature.
What is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the formation of hydrogen sulfide from the elements? H2(g)+18S8(s)H2S(g)
The reaction shown below is involved in the refining of iron. (The table that follows provides all of the thermodynamic data you should need for this problem.) 2Fe2O3(s)+3C(s,graphite)4Fe(s)+3CO2(g) (a) Find H for the reaction. (b) S for the reaction above is 557.98 J/K. Find S° for Fe2O3(s). (c) Calculate G for the reaction at the standard temperature of 298 K. (There are two ways that you could do this.) (d) At what temperatures would this reaction be spontaneous? Compound Hf (kJ mol-1) S° (kJ mol-1) Gf (J mol-1 K-1) Fe2O3(s) -824.2 ? -742.2 C(s, graphite) 0 5.740 0 Fe(s) 0 27.3 0 CO2(g) -393.5 213.6 -394.4.83
Methane can be produced from CO and H2.The process might be done in two steps, as shown below, with each step carried out in a separate reaction vessel within the production plant. Reaction 1 CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(l) S = -532 J/K Reaction 2 CH3OH(l)CH4(g)+12O2(g) S= +162 J/K NOTE: You should be able to work this problem without using any additional tabulated data. (a) Calculate H for reaction 1. (b) Calculate Gf for CO(g). (c) Calculate S° for O2(g). (d) At what temperatures is reaction 1 spontaneous? (e) Suggest a reason why these two steps would need to be carried out separately. Substance Hf (kJ mol-1) Gf (kJ mol-1) S (J mol-1 K-1) CO(s) -110.5 197.674 CH3OH( l ) -238.7 -166.4 126.8 CH4(g) -74.8 186.2
Thermite reactions have been used for welding metal parts such as railway rails and in metal refining. One such thermite reaction is Fe2O3(s)+2Al(s)Al2O3(s)+2Fe(s). Is the reaction spontaneous at room temperature under standard conditions? During the reaction, the surroundings absorb 851.8 kJ/mol of heat.
The reaction CO2(g)+H2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g) is not spontaneous at room temperature but becomes spontaneous at a much higher temperature. What can you conclude from this about the signs of H and S , assuming that the enthalpy and entropy changes are not greatly affected by the temperature change? Explain your reasoning.