Q: Which of the following is a transition mutation? OG --> T G --> A G --> C
A:
Q: Which of the above mutations will result in a shift in the reading frame
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A: Hi. As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the first two for you. If you need…
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Q: How does the effect of nonsense mutation differ from that of a frameshift mutation? Why?
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Q: Why do frameshift mutations tend to have a more severe consequence than a missense mutation?
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Q: Does transversion occur, If a purine replaces a pyrimidine, or vice versa ?
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Q: Discuss the consequences of a germ-line versus a somatic mutation.
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- Which of the following statements about a transition mutation in the sequence CGG is true? sequenceIt could result in a single base substitution to give the new codon CCG. It could result in a single base substitution to give the new sequence AGG. It could result in a single base substitution to give the new sequence TGG. A transition mutation in the sequence CGG would always be silent. It could result in a single base substitution to give the new sequence GGG.Consider the tryptophan codon 5′ - UGG - 3′ in the standard genetic code . Can a single base change in this codon create a synonymous mutation? Can a single base change in this codon create a nonsense codon?List all single base substitutions that would change a codon for Leu to a nonsense codon. For each, indicate whether it would be a transition or transversion. Second base A UGU Туг Cys UGC C UAU UUU Phe UUC UCU UAC UCC Ser UCA UUA Leu UUG UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp G UCG CGU CCU CCC CUU CUC CUA CAU His CAC Pro CAA Gln CAG Leu CCA CG CGC Arg CGA 2CUG CGG E AUU AGU Ser AGC ACU AAU Asn AAC Thr AAA Lys AAG AUC Ile ACC A. AUA AUG Met ACG AGA Arg AGG ACA G GUU GCU GCC GUC Val GCA GUA GUG GGU GAU Asp GAC Ala GGC Gly GGA GAA Glu GAG GCG GGG UCAG Third base
- Consider the following original coding sequence of a gene that codes for a short 5- amino acid polypeptide: 5'-ATGGGCTCGAACTCATAA-3' Using the genetic code and the amino acid table below, which of the following sequences arises from a non-conservative missense mutation in the original sequence shown above? First base in codon U U A UUU UUC- UUA UUG- CUU CUC CUA CUG- U Phe (F) Leu (L) Leu (L) Second base in codon Val (V) UCU - UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG AUU ACU- AUC Ile (1) ACC AUA- ACA AUG Met (M) start ACG GUU GCU- GUC GCC GUA GCA GUG GCG- C Ser (S) Pro (P) Thr (T) Ala (A) UAU UAC UAAT UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC AAA AAG GAU GAC GAA GAG A Tyr (Y) STOP His (H) Gln (Q) Asn (N) Lys (K) Asp (D) Glu (E) G UGU UGC UGA STOP UGG Trp (W) Cys (C) CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA 1 AGG GGU- GGC GGA GGG Arg (R) Ser (S) Arg (R) Gly (G) U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G Last base in codonA reversion is a mutation that returns a mutant codon back to acodon that gives a wild-type phenotype. At the DNA level, this typeof mutation can be an exact reversion or an equivalent reversion. An equivalent reversion produces a protein that is equivalent to thewild-type protein in structure and function. This outcome canoccur in two ways. In some cases, the reversion produces thewild-type amino acid (in this case, glutamic acid), but it uses adifferent codon than the wild-type gene. Alternatively, an equivalentreversion may substitute an amino acid structurally similarto the wild-type amino acid. In our example, an equivalent reversionhas changed valine to an aspartic acid. Because aspartic andglutamic acids are structurally similar—they are acidic aminoacids—this type of reversion can restore wild-type structure andfunction.Here is the question: The template strand within the codingsequence of a gene has the following sequence:3′–TACCCCTTCGACCCCGGA–5′This template produces the…A nonsynonymous mutation is also referred to as missense mutation. Which of the following correctly describe these mutations? They are permanent and cannot revert or reverse mutate back into a wild-type sequence. They cause a non-functional amino acid to replace a functional amino acid. O They result in the insertion or deletion of a small number of nucleotides to the DNA. They change the nucleotide sequence of a gene but do not change the sequence of the resulting protein. None of the provided answers are correct. They convert a codon for a particular amino acid within a gene into a stop codon. They insert an additional amino acid into the final protein product.
- This sequence given is of one strand of eukaryotic DNA containing a hypothetical gene. The base that is first (at the 5' end) in the sequence is at position -25. The translational start site is the first initiating codon encountered after the transcriptional start. This gene has three exons. The last base of the first exon is the A at position +30; the first base of the second exon is the C at position +62; the last base of the second exon is the A at position +82; the first base of the third exon is the G at position +118; and the last base of the third exon is for you to determine. Determine, and show, the sequence of the polypeptide produced by this gene in this format: Met-Thr-Trp-Tyr-Val etc. 5'-TATATACGTC CTATCGATGC ATCGTGTACG TAGCTAGGGG ATGCATGAAG TCACAGTAGC TAGCTATGGC TGATCGATCG TTGTGGCTTA AATATTGCGC TGGACTAGGA AAAGCTCGCA GGTACCCGAT CGATCCCGTG GAGTTCCAAG TTAGGATCTA CTTTAGCTAG TTTTAGCGGA ATAAAGATCG ATTATAGCTG AGAGATAAGC GTGGGTTGAT GATCGTAGCT AGCTAGCTAG CTAGCATCGA-3'In studying the mechanism of a particular enzyme, for which the cloned gene is available, you wish to change a putative active site histidine residue to a proline by site-directed mutagenesis. The His codon to be changed is 5′-CAC. You wish to change it to 5′-CCC, one of four Pro codons. The nucleotide sequence surrounding the His codon is 5′-CTGGAATCTCACTTTATCTGG-3′. Write the nucleotide sequence of an oligonucleotide (a 21-mer) that could force the conversion of the CAC codon to CCC in a site-directed mutagenesis operationWhat do you have a nucleotide triplet codes for codon for UGU ? Identify a base pair substitution that would produce a silent mutation at this codon. Identify a base substitution that would result in a missense mutation at this codon. Identify a base pairing substitution that could produce a non-sense mutation add this codon .
- Help me pleaseAs described earlier, DNA damage can cause deletion or insertion of base pairs. If a nucleotide base sequence of a coding region changes by any number of bases other than three base pairs, or multiples of 3, a frameshift mutation occurs. Depending on the location of the sequence change, such mutations can have serious effects. The following synthetic mRNA sequence codes for the beginning of a polypeptide: 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGAGGGAAGGAGGUGGCUUAUC-AUGUUU-3′ First, determine the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide. Then determine the types of mutation that have occurred in the following altered mRNA segments. What effect do these mutations have on the polypeptide products? a. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUUGCUGACGAGGGAAGGAGGUGGCUUAUCA-UGUUU-3′ b. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGAGGGAGGAGGUGGCUUAUCAU-GUUU-3′ c. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGAGGGAAGGAGGUGGCCCUUAUC-AUGUUU-3′ d. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGGAAGGAGGUGGCUUAUCAU-GUUU-3′The amino acid glycine is encoded by four codons: GGA, GGC, GGG, and GGU. Which of the following statements correctly explains this fact? The glycine anticodon contains the sequence CC, but the 5' base of the anticodon can pair nonspecifically with the 3' base of the codon. The glycine anticodon contains the sequence CC, but the 3' base of the anticodon can pair nonspecifically with the 5' base of the codon. Glycine tRNA has four anticodons, and the appropriate anticodon specifically pairs with the correct codon. There are four tRNAs for glycine, each of which has an anticodon that specifically pairs with the correct codon. all of the above