What other factors may control the outcome of an infectiousdisease?

Q: What event is required but not sufficient to cause an infectiousdisease?

A: An infectious disease is caused due to host invasion by biological agents. These biological agents…

Q: How can activity of a hemolytic exotoxin be detected?

A: Introduction  Toxins can be of two type on the basis of their secretion viz. Endotoxins and…

Q: What is a non conjugative plasmid?

A:

Q: Is Haemophilus influenzae a virus or bacteria?

A: Micro-organism are tiny organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye, but are visible under…

Q: Define restriction point,

A: The cell cycle is the initial process that cells follow to prepare themselves for cell division.…

Q: What types of compounds in bacterial cells can serve as antigens?

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, they are present in various shapes in nature like rod-shaped,…

Q: What is a vaccine?

A: Vaccines are a part of artificial active immunity. Antigens or a mixture of antigens which are used…

Q: Why is the level of contamination measured as number of colonies rather than size of colonies?

A: Microbiological contamination refers to the presence of unwanted or accidental introduction of…

Q: What is a cytocidal infection? What is a cytopathic effect?

A: SOME BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT INFECTIOUS AGENTS It is pathogens or the microorganisms which are…

Q: Differentiate among the terms colonization, infection, and disease.

A: The immune system has a vital role in protecting the body from outside pathogens (bacteria, viruses,…

Q: Explain the History of the Microbe E.Coli

A: Escherichia coli also called as E.coli are defined as rod-shaped, motile, gram negative and…

Q: Why are encapsolated bacteria generally more pathogenic than un-capsolated strains. a. Because…

A: The capsule is a layer of polysaccharide found outside the cell envelope of bacteria.  Capsule gives…

Q: What is a Black Plague?

A: Microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses can act as a pathogenic organism and can affect the…

Q: Compare and contrast bacteriophage plaques with bacterial colonies.

A: A phage is consists of protein capsid and nucleic acid. A protein sheat that is contractile and…

Q: What is the most chemically resistant non-spore-forming bacterial pathogen?

A: Although specific disinfectants and sterilization techniques are developed against the microbes, a…

Q: Why do patients with XLA tend to contract infections associated withbacteria, more than viral…

A: Microorganisms or microbes are creatures that are only visible under the microscope. Various…

Q: What is a lytic viral infection?

A: A bacteriophage, additionally referred to casually as a phage, is a virus that taints and recreates…

Q: What might an infection by Gram-negative bacteriabe more difficult to treat than a Gram-positive…

A: Introduction Bacteria are single-celled organisms that are microscopic. Bacteria can be found…

Q: How is the timing of a propagated epidemic related to the incubation period of the pathogen?

A: Epidemic refers to the widespread occurrence of a disease to a large number of people in a…

Q: How can a protein, which cannot replicate itself, be a transmissible pathogen?

A: A pathogen is an organic entity that causes infection. Your body is normally brimming with…

Q: According to the hemolysis results, how does Bacillus cereus differ from B. subtilis?

A: Given: To find how does Bacillus cereus differ from B. subtilis.

Q: Determine the type of diagnostic method best suited for determining whether the bacterium had caused…

A: The phenotypic approaches involve identifying bacteria by taking into account their behaviour and…

Q: What is the viral shunt in the microbial loop?

A: The microbial loop generally explains the trophic pathway where, in aquatic systems the DOC (…

Q: Which of the letter labeled microbes is exhibiting alpha-hemolysis?

A: The lysis or breakdown of red blood cells is called hemolysis. There are three types of hemolysis…

Q: What is the most common gram-negative bacterium that can cause UTI in adults?

A: Microorganisms are rarely seen in urine (germs). Urine could be a consequence of our kidneys'…

Q: which gene is mutated in type la maple syrup urine disease?

A: Maple syrup urine disease is associated with problems with feeding, vomiting, low energy levels in…

Q: Why is there an inverse relationship between the dilution factor and the amount of virus in…

A: The dilution factor is the calculation of how much a new solution is less concentrated than the…

Q: Why are gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to the cytoplasmic target…

A: Antibiotics are a type of microbial substances which are active against bacterial cells and it is…

Q: Which environment would a capnophilic bacterium like the best?

A: Microorganisms can be classified according to their requirements for growth. All the need and…

Q: What causes the viral plaques that appear on a bacterial lawnto stop growing larger?

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside the host cells. They can infect all…

Q: What is a reasonable treatment for an E. coli infection

A: Interferons are used against viruses, so they are widely used for the treatment of chronic viral…

Q: What is gamma phage?

A: Bacteriophages are the obligate intracellular parasites that can proliferate inside the bacterial…

Q: What is a suspension of killed pathogenic bacteria known as?

A: Bacteria are microscopic single-celled prokaryotes that thrive in diverse environmental conditions.…

Q: If the bacterium was lysogenized by a bacteriophage that has a virulence gene, determine the kind of…

A: The phenotypic approaches involve identifying bacteria by taking into account their behaviour and…

Q: Explain clearly why a bacterial infection typically proceeds more slowly than a viral infection?

A: A virus infection could be a proliferation of a harmful virus within your body. Viruses cannot…

Q: How is a plaque similar to a bacterial colony? 3

A: The bacteriophage viruses replicate and spread over a cell culture by producing cell destruction…

Q: Describe the cause and transmission of infectiousmononucleosis.

A: Mononucleosis is a communicable infections caused by herpes virus known as Epstein-Barr. The most…

Q: Why is Plasmodium species isolated usually in blood?

A: Plasmodium species are blood parasites belong to phylum protista that causes malaria. Vector for…

Q: What is required for a bacteriophage T4 virion toattach to an Escherichia coli cell?

A: T4 bacteriophage is the well-studied member of Myoviridae, the most complex family of tailed phages.…

Q: What is the most effective antibiotic used to treat a UTI?

A: UTI stands for urinary tract infection. It occurs when bacteria manage to get into the urine and…

Q: What is virulence factor in microbiology?

A: The molecules produced by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that enable them to invade host,…

Q: Do the plasmids integrate into the host genome when the AAV is introduced into the patient? Explain.

A: AAV (Adeno-associated viruses) are virus that are usually very small in size and that infect primate…

Q: Explain what a superinfection is and how it occurs.

A: The invasion of disease-causing agents into an organism's bodily tissues, their proliferation, and…

Q: Why is aseptic urine collection important when cultures are ordered? If you counted 20 colonies…

A: Urine collection for the urinary tract infection.

Q: Is a viral infection treatedwith the same kind of drugthat treats bacterialinfections?

A: The proliferation of harmful viruses inside the body of an organism causes viral infection. These…

Q: How long does a bacterial infection last without antibiotics?

A: Most of the bacterial infections are localized and remain in the specific body part without…

Q: Compare and contrast bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis.

A: Bacterial vaginosis is caused by vaginal bacteria due to the excessive growth of this bacteria , on…