What else can explain why many firms over invest in advertising? Are there are any reasons for firms to advertise beyond wanting to increase profits?
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Previous research suggests that many firms ‘over - invest’ in advertising - meaning spend beyond a point where advertising positively affects a firm’s bottom line (if interested see here: Advertising Effectiveness).
Freakonomics on this topic can be found here: https://freakonomics.com/podcast/advertising-part-1 and https://freakonomics.com/podcast/advertising-part-2
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- See page 561 02 Question John and Daniel greatly enjoy each other's company but have different tastes regarding the best form of entertainment. John prefers the lowbrow entertainment of professional wrestling that disgusts Daniel. Meanwhile, Daniel likes highbrow opera, which bores John. However, each finds it preferable to spend the evening together rather than disagree about what to do and end up staying home angry. This interaction is modeled in the normal-form game below: Evening Entertainment John Part 1 Wrestling Opera Choose one or more: Daniel Wrestling 12.00, 4.00 0,0 Identify any pure strategy equilibria of this game. A. (wrestling, wrestling) B. (wrestling, opera) OC. (opera, wrestling) Part 2 Opera 0,0 6.00, 18.00 D. (opera, opera) DE. There are no pure strategy equilibria. Find the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium of this game. In it, John will choose wrestling with probability choose wrestling with probability (Give your answers to two decimal points.) See H See Hir ,and…II.2 Companies A and B can compete on advertising or R&D. The profits (in millions of $ million) of the two firms are given in the table below assumig that they play a one-shot simultancous mov game (the profit or firm A is listed first in every cell of the matrix, followed by the profit of firm B): Advertising R&D 50, 25 10, 70 20, 40 60, 35 1. Find the mixed strategy equilibrium. A\B Advertising R&D 2. What are the expected profits for both firms in this equilibrium?Who first established the basic principles of game theory? Select one: a. Nash b. Bernoulli с. Кеynes d. Savage e. von Neumann Who developed a duopoly model to show how two firms compete in the price of a good they supply? Select one: a. Cournot b. Keynes c. Bertrand d. Robinson e. Chamberlain What pair provided the most complete formula for options pricing? Select one: a. von-Neumann-Morgenstern b. Black-Scholes c. Fischer Black d. Cournot-Nash e. Modigliani-Miller
- In Brandenburger and Nalebuff's article "Use game theory to shape strategy," coopetition is a game where ______Group of answer choices firms in an industry compete with each other indirectly, rather than directly. firms in an industry pursue win - win and win - lose strategies simultaneously. firms in an industry compete directly with firms in other industries. firms in an industry pursue pure win - win strategies.. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, was founded in 1969. Their original objective was to form a cartel to increase the price that they receive for their oil exports. Create a prisoner’s dilemma type game for two large members of OPEC (e.g. Saudi Arabia and Indonesia). Create numbers, where payoffs are total annual oil export revenues for each of these two countries. Verbally explain how you got your numbers. Find the Nash equilibrium. Based on this model, what strategy is in the oil exporters’ best interest (Nash or otherwise)? How do they make it happen? Create another prisoner’s dilemmamodel for all of OPEC on one side, and all non OPEC oil exporting nations on the other side. Create numbers, where payoffs are total annual oil export revenues for each of the two sides. Verbally explain how you created your numbers. Also create your numbers applying the fact that OPEC’s total production capacity is greater than total non OPEC exports…Identify a real-world situation in which you see game theory/strategic behavior in action. Explain the game: Who are the players ? What are the strategies they have at their disposal? How are payoffs determined? What, if any, is the Nash equilibrium? Note, this article from Up Journey might help you come up with an example: https://upjourney.com/game-theory-examples-in-real-life
- Game theory terminology Select the term that best describes each definition listed in the following table. Definition Nash Equilibrium Dominant Strategy Collusion Tit-for-tat Strategy Payoff Matrix Prisoners' Dilemma Game A strategy in which a player cooperates until the other player defects and then defects until the other player cooperates again The event that occurs when agents in a game form an agreement about which strategies to implement A player's best choice, if it exists, regardless of his or her opponent's strategy A case in which individually rational behavior leads to a jointly inefficient outcomeBelge1 - Word eri Gözden Geçir Görünüm Yardım Ne yapmak istediğinizi söyleyin 1) Two firms, X and Y, are planning to market their new products. Each firm can develop TV, Laptop. Market research indicates that the resulting profits to each firm for the alternative strategies are given by the following payoff matrix ! FIRM Y TV LAPTOP PHONE FIRM X TV 30, 30 60. 35 20, 50 LAPTOP 40,70 20, 20 50,80 PHONE 50,20 80,50 10,10 A) Find the Nash equilibria for this game, assuming that both firms make their decisions at the same time. (explain the decision step by step); B) If each firm is risk averse and uses a maximin strategy, what will be the resulting equilibrium? (explain the decision step by step); C) What will be the equilibrium if Firm X makes its selection first? If Firm Y goes first?:Imagine a small town with three car repair shops competing for a limited number of customers. Explain why the three shops working together to keep their prices high is unlikely to be a Nash equilibrium.
- Suppose there are only two firms that sell smartphones: Flashfone and Pictech. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn, depending on whether it sets a high or low price for its phones. Pictech Pricing High Low Flashfone Pricing High 11, 11 2, 18 Low 18, 2 10, 10 For example, the lower-left cell shows that if Flashfone prices low and Pictech prices high, Flashfone will earn a profit of $18 million, and Pictech will earn a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Flashfone and Pictech are both profit-maximizing firms. If Flashfone prices high, Pictech will make more profit if it chooses a (HIGH OR LOW) price, and if Flashfone prices low, Pictech will make more profit if it chooses a (HIGH OR LOW) price. If Pictech prices high, Flashfone will make more profit if it chooses a (HIGH OR LOW) price, and if Pictech prices low, Flashfone will make more profit if it chooses a (HIGH OR LOW)…Player 2 X Y Player X (3,3) (0,4) 1 Y (4,0) (2,2) Figure 9.18 Find all the subgame perfect Nash equilibria of this supergame. Also, briefly explain why each one is subgame perfect.Suppose there are only two firms that sell smartphones: Flashfone and Pictech. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn, depending on whether it sets a high or low price for its phones. Pictech Pricing High Low Flashfone Pricing High 11, 11 3, 15 Low 15, 3 9, 9 For example, the lower-left cell shows that if Flashfone prices low and Pictech prices high, Flashfone will earn a profit of $15 million, and Pictech will earn a profit of $3 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Flashfone and Pictech are both profit-maximizing firms. If Flashfone prices high, Pictech will make more profit if it chooses a price, and if Flashfone prices low, Pictech will make more profit if it chooses a price. If Pictech prices high, Flashfone will make more profit if it chooses a price, and if Pictech prices low, Flashfone will make more profit if it chooses a price. Considering all of the…
