The following graph shows the short-run aggregate supply curve (AS), the aggregate demand curve (AD), and the long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) for a hypothetical economy. Initially, the expected price level is equal to the actual price level, and the economy is in long-run equilibrium at its LRAS of $80 billion. Suppose war in the world's main oil-producing region sharply reduces the world oil supply, causing oil prices to rise and increasing the costs of producing goods and services in this economy. Adjust the appropriate curve or curves on the graph to reflect the increase in production costs in the short run. . Note: For simplicity, assume no impact of higher oil prices on LRAS.

The following graph shows the short-run aggregate supply curve (AS), the aggregate demand curve (AD), and the long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) for a hypothetical economy. Initially, the expected price level is equal to the actual price level, and the economy is in long-run equilibrium at its LRAS of $80 billion. Suppose war in the world's main oil-producing region sharply reduces the world oil supply, causing oil prices to rise and increasing the costs of producing goods and services in this economy. Adjust the appropriate curve or curves on the graph to reflect the increase in production costs in the short run. . Note: For simplicity, assume no impact of higher oil prices on LRAS.

Principles of Economics 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172364

Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Publisher:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Chapter26: The Neoclassical Perspective

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21P: Use Table 26.3 to answer the following questions. Sketch an aggregate supply and aggregate demand...

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R 9. Economic fluctuations II The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD), the short-run aggregate supply curve (AS), and the long-run aggregate supply cur LRAS) for a hypothetical economy. Initially, the expected price level equals the actual price level, and the economy experiences long-run equilibriu at a natural level of output of $110 billion. Suppose a bout of severe weather drives up agricultural costs, increases the costs of transporting goods and services, and increases the costs of producing goods and services. Use the graph to help you answer the questions about the short-run and long-run effects of the increase in production costs that follow. (Note: You will not be graded on any adjustments made to the graph). Hint: For simplicity, ignore any possible impact of the severe weather on the natural level of output. PRICE LEVEL 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 90 LRAS AS, AD 95 -100 105 110 115 120 125 130 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) AD AS LRAS The short-run…
4. Equilibrium The following table shows the real output demanded and supplied at various price levels in a hypothetical economy. Real Output Demanded (Billions of dollars) 10 20 30 50 80 Price Level (Index number) 160 120 80 40 20 Real Output Supplied (Billions of dollars) 85 80 70 50 20 On the following graph, use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot the aggregate demand (Initial AD) curve for the economy. Then use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the aggregate supply (AS) curve for the economy.
Again, the following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 5 and potential output of $5 trillion before the decrease in foreign spending on domestic goods associated with the recession abroad. Now, on the following exhibit, show the long-run impact of the economic turmoil abroad by shifting both the short-run aggregate demand (AD) curve and the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve to the appropriate positions. Assume that the economic turmoil abroad does not cause a change in the economy's resources, technology, or productivity.) Note: You will not be graded on any changes you make to the graph. VEL PRICE 10 2 0 0 2 LRAS 4 6 REAL GDP (Trillions of dollars) AD 8 SRAS 10 AD In the long run, as a result of the economic turmoil abroad, the price level potential output, and the unemployment rate -- SRAS During the transition from the short run to the long run, price level expectations will ▼curve will shift to the . (?) , and the ▼, the quantity…
8. Economic fluctuations I The following graph shows a hypothetical economy in long-run equilibrium at an expected price level of 120 and a natural output level of $600 billion. Suppose the government increases spending on building and repairing highways, bridges, and ports. Using the graph, shift the short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve or the aggregate demand (AD) curve to show the short-run impact of the increase in government spending. PRICE LEVEL 240 200 160 120 80 40 0 0 200 400 600 800 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) AS I AD 1000 1200 þ 2 6 2 AS (?) In the short run, the increase in government spending on infrastructure causes the price level to the quantity of output to the price level people expected and ▼ the natural level of output. The increase in government spending will cause the unemployment rate to the natural rate of unemployment in the short run.
8. Economic fluctuations I The following graph shows a hypothetical economy in long-run equilibrium at an expected price level of 120 and a natural output level of $600 billion. Suppose the government Increases spending on building and repairing highways, bridges, and ports. Using the graph, shift the short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve or the aggregate demand (AD) curve to show the short-run impact of the Increase in government spending. 240 200 160 120 PRICE LEVEL 80 40 0 240 200 0 160 120 200 40 In the short run, the increase in government spending on infrastructure causes the price level to the quantity of output to 0 400 600 800 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) Again, the following graph shows a hypothetical economy experiencing long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and natural output level of $600 billion, prior to the increase in government spending on infrastructure. Along the transition from the short run to the long run, price-level expectations will curve…
7. Determinants of aggregate supply The following graph shows a decrease in short-run aggregate supply (AS) in a hypothetical economy where the currency is the dollar. Specifically, the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the left from AS1AS1 to AS2AS2, causing the quantity of output supplied at a price level of 100 to fall from $200 billion to $150 billion. The following table lists several determinants of short-run aggregate supply. Complete the table by selecting the changes in each scenario necessary to decrease short-run aggregate supply. Change Necessary to Decrease AS Technology (declines/improves) Human capital. (declines/improves) Inflation expectations. (declines/improves)
9. Economic fluctuations II The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD), the short-run aggregate supply curve (AS), and the long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) for a hypothetical economy. Initially, the expected price level equals the actual price level, and the economy experiences long-run equilibrium at a natural level of output of $80 billion. Suppose war in the world's main oil-producing region sharply reduces the world oil supply, causing oil prices to rise and increasing the costs of producing goods and services. Use the graph to help you answer the questions about the short-run and long-run effects of the increase in production costs that follow. (Note: You will not be graded on any adjustments made to the graph.) Hint: For simplicity, ignore any possible impact of the higher oil prices on the natural level of output.
9. Economic fluctuations II The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD), the short-run aggregate supply curve (AS), and the long-run aggregate supply curve ( LRAS) for a hypothetical economy. Initially, the expected price level equals the actual price level, and the economy experiences long-run equilibrium at a natural level of output of $110 billion. Suppose a bout of severe weather drives up agricultural costs, increases the costs of transporting goods and services, and increases the costs of producing goods and services. Use the graph to help you answer the questions about the short-run and long-run effects of the increase in production costs that follow. (Note: You will not be graded on any adjustments made to the graph.) Hint: For simplicity, ignore any possible impact of the severe weather on the natural level of output. LRAS AS 120 115 110 * 105 100 AD 100 105 110 115 120 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) PRICE LEVEL 130 125 95 90 90 95 125 130 AD D AS LRAS (?) The…
6. Why the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short run In the short run, the quantity of output supplied by firms can deviate from the natural level of output if the actual price level deviates from the expected price level in the economy. A number of theories explain reasons why this might happen. For example, the sticky-price theory asserts that the output prices of some goods and services adjust slowly to changes in the price level. Suppose firms announce the prices for their products in advance, based on an expected price level of 100 for the coming year. Many of the firms sell their goods through catalogs and face high costs of reprinting if they change prices. The actual price level turns out to be 90. Faced with high menu costs, the firms that rely on catalog sales choose not to adjust their prices. Sales from catalogs will ▼, and firms that rely on catalogs will respond by ▼ the quantity of output they supply. If enough firms face high costs of adjusting prices, the…
6. Why the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short run In the short run, the quantity of output supplied by firms can deviate from the natural level of output if the actual price level deviates from the expected price level in the economy. A number of theories explain reasons why this might happen. For example, the sticky-price theory asserts that the output prices of some goods and services adjust slowly to changes in the price level. Suppose firms announce the prices for their products in advance, based on an expected price level of 100 for the coming year. Many of the firms sell their goods through catalogs and face high costs of reprinting if they change prices. The actual price level turns out to be 90. Faced with high menu costs, the firms that rely on catalog sales choose not to adjust their prices. Sales from catalogs will ▼, and firms that rely on catalogs will respond by the quantity of output they supply. If enough firms face high costs of adjusting prices, the…
5. The U.S. conducts a great deal of trade with western European countries. Suppose western European countries suffer a severe recession. How would the European recession affect the general price level, real GDP and employment in the U.S. in the short run? In the long run? Explain in words and a graph.
8. Economic fluctuations I The following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of $600 billion. Suppose the government increases spending on building and repairing highways, bridges, and ports. Shift the short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve or the aggregate demand (AD) curve to show the short-run impact of the increase in government spending. 240 AS 200 AD 160 AS 120 80 AD 40 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) In the short run, the increase in government spending on infrastructure causes the price level to the price level people expected and the quantity of output to the natural level of output. The increase in government spending will cause the unemployment rate to the natural rate of unemployment in the short run. Again, the following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of $600 billion, before the increase in…