Suppose that the Federal Reserve has set a reserve requirement of 10 percent and that banks will not hold any excess reserves. a) If the Federal Reserve conducts open market operations and sells $1 million worth of government bonds to the public, by how much will the money supply decrease? b) Now suppose the Federal Reserve lowers the reserve requirement to 5 percent, but all banks choose to hold an additional 5 percent of deposits as excess reserves. How will this change affect the money supply? Explain.

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Required Reserve and Excess Reserve Analysis

A required reserve is an amount of cash that banks must keep with themselves, which is certain percentage of the deposits made by their customers. Required reserve is a percentage of the bank's deposits that the respective bank must have on each overnight. The percentage rate is set and determined by the nation’s central bank. It is important to have such funds accumulated to meet its uncertain obligations, sudden liabilities and withdrawals. Required reserve is also known as reserve ratio. Reserve ratio is an important tool to control the money supply.