Repeated sequences can be classified according to theirorganization in the genome as well as according to theirfunction. Give at least two examples of each.
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Repeated sequences can be classified according to their
organization in the genome as well as according to their
function. Give at least two examples of each.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- With a few exceptions, interspersed repetitive DNA in the human genome has no known biological function. Explain in a few sentences what interspersed means. Name and describe one interspersed repetitive element. Provide information on about how much of the human genome consists of this one repetitive element (copy number and/or percent of genome).DNA isolated from an organism can be sheared into fragments of uniform size (∼1000 bp), heated to separate the strands, then cooled to allow complementary strands to reanneal. The renaturation process can be followed over time. Explain why the renaturation of E. coli DNA is a monophasic process, whereas the renaturation of human DNA is biphasic (an initial rapid phase followed by a slower phase).The complementarity of its two strands is the underlying reason that DNA can be faithfully copied. Propose alternative chemical structures that could be faithfully copied.
- How many binary sequences of length n contain at most five 1 digits? The genetic code specifies an amino acid through a sequence of three nucleotides. Each nucleotide can be of one of the four types T, A, C and G, beingrepetitions allowed. How many amino acids can be encoded in this way?And if there are n types. CompareIn the following gel showing stained bands of the Alu insertion sequence, what is the genotype of individual 2? 941 bp 641 bp->>> 1 2 3 4 5 6 Homozygous for the 641 bp sequence that does not contain in the Alu insertion Heterozygous, containing one 941 bp sequence and one 641 bp sequence O Homozygous for the 941 bp sequence containing the Alu insertionCalculate the expected number of times that a given 8-base-pair DNA site should be present in the E. coli genome. Assume that all four bases are equally probable. Repeat for a 10-base-pair site and a 12-basepair site
- Given the following Wild Type and Mutated DNA sequences: 1.) Identify where the base pair change occurs ( what letter changed?) 2.) For BOTH sequences, write the mRNA strands, define the codon regions and amino acid sequences. 3.) Describe what kind of mutation has occurred (missense, nonsense, or silent), and what effect this may have on the protein. Wild Type DNA Sequence: 3' - AGGCTCGCCTGT - 5' Mutated DNA Sequence: 3' - AGTCTCGCCTGT - 5'Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are repeating DNA sequences of about 15–100 bp in length, found both within and between genes. Why are they commonly used in forensics?Consider a genome whose length is 1000 bp. "Shotgun" sequencing techniques are applied to the genome, resulting in 20 reads, with an average length of 50 bp. A very important point is that, even though 20×50 = 1000, there is no guarantee that ALL 1000 bp of the genome are represented in the fragments. Calculate the coverage. What does this value mean? Why would it be a good idea to have a coverage greater than 1?
- proteins can interact with DNA through relatively weak forces, such as hydrogen bonds and can der Waals interaction, as well as through stronger electrostatic interactions such as ion pairs. Which types of interaction predominate for sequence specifics DNA binding proteins and for sequence independent binding proteins?Supercoiled DNA is slightly unwound compared to relaxed DNA and this enables it to assume a more compact structure with enhanced physical stability. Describe the enzymes that control the number of supercoils present in the E. coli chromosome. How much would you have to reduce the linking number to increase the number of supercoils by five?When the cDNA was sequenced by the Sanger method utilizing ddCTP, the following products were obtained: Tetranucleotide Hexanucleotide Nonanucleotide Decanucleotide Dodenucleotide Octadecanucleotide Nonadecanucleotide 21-nucleotide 6c. What is the sequence of the bases in the mRNA coding for the peptide above? The