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- Question 4 The nitrogenous base attaches to the -carbon of the nucleotide sugar. A) 5' B 2' c) 1' 3'Question 38 Polypeptide synthesis A proceeds from the N-terminus to the C-terminus. B) proceeds randomly. C) proceeds in either direction once initiated. (D) proceeds from the C-terminus to the N-terminus.Question 14 Which of the following make up a nucleoside? A base + sugar B) base + phosphate phosphate + sugar D base + phosphate + sugar
- Question 8 Which of the following make up a nucleotide? A phosphate + sugar B) base + sugar + phosphate c) base + sugar D sugar + phosphateQuestion 10. Which statement on the migration of DNA fragments through agarose gels is false A) Small fragments migrate faster than larger fragments because they can move faster through the agarose pores. B) Large fragments migrate faster than small fragments because they carry more negative charges. C) DNA fragments migrate towards the positive pole. D) Supercoiled DNA may migrate significantly different through the gel than linear DNA of equal size. E) The higher the agarose concentration the better the separation of smaller fragments as compared to larger fragments.Question 48 The energetic driving force for the synthesis of the new strand is the removal of the pyrophosphate during phosphodiester bond formation. A True B) False
- Question 3: Look carefully at the structures of the two molecules shown below and answer the following questions. O= ddCTP O= OH O 11 HO-P-O-P-O-P-O I OH OH NH₂ ddCMP O 11 HO-P-O OH NH₂ A) What would you expect to happen if you added ddCTP to a DNA synthesis reaction in vitro in large excess over the concentration of dCTP? B) What would happen if ddCTP were added at 10% of the concentration of dCTP? C) What effect would you expect if ddCMP were added to the synthesis in large excess over dCTP? At 10% of the concentration of dCTP?Question 14 In a double stranded DNA if the adenine content of a double-stranded DNA is 30% of the total bases, the cytosine content would be A 10% B) 20% c) 60% 30%Question 2. Ribosomes are cellular structures that are composed of protein and RNA; this structure is responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation between amino acids during a process known as translation. a) Many antibiotics that kill bacteria target translation. Why might this be an effective mechanism to kill bacteria? Why don't antibiotics also kill human (eukaryotic) ribosomes? b) The antibiotic Kasugamycin (KSG) destabilizes the P-site of the ribosome. Describe what parts of translation would be altered in the presence of this antibiotic. c) How does the following graph show the efficacy of translational knockdown with KSG? Met-Methionine C % of Met incorporation 100 80 60 40 20 0 + 0 2 4 6 8 KSG concentration (mg/ml) 10
- Question 11 Which of the following is the convention used to specify the sequence of bases in DNA? A start at the end closest to thymine B) start at the end closest to the first adenine (c) 3'-5' D) 5'-3'Question 1.)Draw the main chain structure of a parallel beta sheet that has 4 amino acids in one strand and 5 in the other. Show all of the backbone atoms.Write R1, R2, R3, etc, instead of drawing side chains with the following exception: draw one proline in its entiretywith its side chain. You can put it anywhere in your sheet – I will find it. Add in all hydrogen bonds that stabilize this sheet using dashed lines.Question 4 A plasmid is (A) a virus that infects bacteria an artificially created cytoplasm C) a small circular DNA that is not part of a bacterial chromosome D) a piece of DNA that is derived usually from 2 bacterial species