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- Four patients were diagnosed with "Pyrexia/fever of unknown origin." Their serum samples were sent to the laboratory to be tested against Typhoid Ag. Draw and design the steps taken to conduct the quantitative agglutination test seen in the image below. Provide your interpretation of the results. Note that paired sera was collected for patient 1,2 and 3. However, patient 4 was lost to follow up.Which of the following is TRUE about the Latex Agglutination test? Question 1 options: a Specific antigens are attached to latex particles b Is used to detect antigens in a patient's serumA patient came to the health center have recurring fever, unexplained tiredness, and prolonged swelling of the lymph glands. Also, the patient’s CD4 count is less than 200 cell/mm3. Identify the organism that cause the condition also explain how you come up with the diagnosis? Provide reason why CD4 cell were affected. Give the scheme of test you would run to confirm the pathogen?
- Rewrite the following sentences after correction: 1. The N1303k mutation in the CFTR gene of CF patients is autosomal dominant disorder due to insertion of asparagine at 1303. 2. If a person RBCs have B surface antigen and it will clump with antigen B such clumping indicates blood type B. 3. Indirect ELISA can detect polygenic gene expression.7 mL of a 1:50 dilution is needed to run a specific serological test. How much serum and how much diluent are needed to make this dilution? A 1:5 dilution of patient serum is necessary to run a serological test. There is 0.2 mL of serum that can be used. What amount of diluent is necessary to make this dilution using all of the serum?Is Widal test a confirmatory test for typhoid fever? Explain your answer
- Which of the following is TRUE about the Latex Agglutination test? Question 1 options: A Antibodies and antigens react and cannot be detected with the naked eye B Specific antigens are attached to latex particles C Is used to detect antigens in a patient's serum D Antibodies can only be detected in serum E Antigens cannot be used to detect a specific antibody Which of the following is NOT TRUE about immunological tests? Question 2 options: A Antibodies can be used to detect specific antigens B An agglutination reaction is the reaction of an antibody with a soluable antigen C An agglutination reaction is the result of a particulate antigen with a specific antibody D Based on reactions between antigen and antibody E Precipitation reactions cannot be seen with the naked eye What can you say about a positive latex…This virtual lab was testing for lupus. How is this same test used to test for the presence of HIV? If the results for an HIV test were the same as in this exercise, what would they indicate about the three patients?What can you say about a positive latex agglutination test? Question 3 options: A It shows the patient is sick with the disease B It shows the patient has never been exposed to the disease C It shows the patient has both the antibodies and the antigen for a disease D It shows no agglutination E It shows the patient has the antibodies to a disease
- This virtual lab was testing for lupus. How is this same tested used to test for the presence of HIV? If the results for an HIV test were the same as in this exercise, what would they indicate about the three patients?A 38 year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had a sexual contact with his partner for the past weeks. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was significantly low. Questions:What might be the predominant antibody present in the patient’s serum and why? What immunological response the patient’s body will develop and why?Depending on the purpose, the typhoid fever can be diagnosed in the laboratory by either of the following method, i) Widal, ii. Blood culture and iii. Nucleic acid based identification method. Write a brief essay comparing these three diagnostic tests. Your answer must contain the basis of identification of each test, what does it mean by positive and negative results and which test do you think to be useful for the identification of active patient and which test is/are useful for the screening of previously infected case. Which test is prerequisite to perform the antibiotic susceptibility pattern?