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2. Below we show an example day from CA-ISO and ERCOT's (the grid operators for California and Texas' electricity grid respectively) online data dashboards. From this data, we can estimate both the average and marginal emissions rates (see Table 1). Table 1: Emissions Factors for CA and TX in example days (both average and marginal emissions in units of [kg CO₂/MWh]) Hour 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 CA avg em 265 268 274 264 267 271 269 226 CA marg em 250 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 TX avg em 349 389 403 383 349 325 370 393 TX marg em 0 500 500 500 500 0 0 500 Hour 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 CA avg em 157 110 112 108 116 104 99 102 CA marg em 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TX avg em 400 374 359 347 350 355 353 351 TX marg em 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Hour 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 CA avg em 101 120 176 259 272 273 275 288 CA marg em 600 600 600 500 500 500 500 500 TX avg em 365 370 374 409 450 458 435 400 TX marg em 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 0 a. Calculate the total CO₂ emissions of charging a 100 kWh EV battery uniformly over a 24-hour time-period in California vs Texas using both an average approach and a marginal approach. How do each of the calculations compare? b. Repeat 3a, but now charging the 100 kWh EV battery uniformly over a 6-hour time-period from 2pm-8pm. How do these results compare to 3a? c. What would the fuel efficiency of a gas car need to be to match the total emissions calculated from 3a and 3b assuming the EV had an operating efficiency of 0.3 kWh/mi?

2. Below we show an example day from CA-ISO and ERCOT's (the grid operators for California and Texas' electricity grid respectively) online data dashboards. From this data, we can estimate both the average and marginal emissions rates (see Table 1). Table 1: Emissions Factors for CA and TX in example days (both average and marginal emissions in units of [kg CO₂/MWh]) Hour 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 CA avg em 265 268 274 264 267 271 269 226 CA marg em 250 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 TX avg em 349 389 403 383 349 325 370 393 TX marg em 0 500 500 500 500 0 0 500 Hour 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 CA avg em 157 110 112 108 116 104 99 102 CA marg em 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TX avg em 400 374 359 347 350 355 353 351 TX marg em 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Hour 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 CA avg em 101 120 176 259 272 273 275 288 CA marg em 600 600 600 500 500 500 500 500 TX avg em 365 370 374 409 450 458 435 400 TX marg em 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 0 a. Calculate the total CO₂ emissions of charging a 100 kWh EV battery uniformly over a 24-hour time-period in California vs Texas using both an average approach and a marginal approach. How do each of the calculations compare? b. Repeat 3a, but now charging the 100 kWh EV battery uniformly over a 6-hour time-period from 2pm-8pm. How do these results compare to 3a? c. What would the fuel efficiency of a gas car need to be to match the total emissions calculated from 3a and 3b assuming the EV had an operating efficiency of 0.3 kWh/mi?

Sustainable Energy
Sustainable Energy
2nd Edition
ISBN:9781337551663
Author:DUNLAP, Richard A.
Publisher:DUNLAP, Richard A.
Chapter17: Energy Conservation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 9P
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2. Below we show an example day from CA-ISO and ERCOT's (the grid operators for California and Texas' electricity grid respectively) online data dashboards. From this data, we can estimate both the average and marginal emissions rates (see Table 1). Table 1: Emissions Factors for CA and TX in example days (both average and marginal emissions in units of [kg CO₂/MWh]) Hour 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 CA avg em 265 268 274 264 267 271 269 226 CA marg em 250 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 TX avg em 349 389 403 383 349 325 370 393 TX marg em 0 500 500 500 500 0 0 500 Hour 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 CA avg em 157 110 112 108 116 104 99 102 CA marg em 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TX avg em 400 374 359 347 350 355 353 351 TX marg em 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Hour 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 CA avg em 101 120 176 259 272 273 275 288 CA marg em 600 600 600 500 500 500 500 500 TX avg em 365 370 374 409 450 458 435 400 TX marg em 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 0 a. Calculate the total CO₂ emissions of charging a 100 kWh EV battery uniformly over a 24-hour time-period in California vs Texas using both an average approach and a marginal approach. How do each of the calculations compare? b. Repeat 3a, but now charging the 100 kWh EV battery uniformly over a 6-hour time-period from 2pm-8pm. How do these results compare to 3a? c. What would the fuel efficiency of a gas car need to be to match the total emissions calculated from 3a and 3b assuming the EV had an operating efficiency of 0.3 kWh/mi?
Transcribed Image Text:2. Below we show an example day from CA-ISO and ERCOT's (the grid operators for California and Texas' electricity grid respectively) online data dashboards. From this data, we can estimate both the average and marginal emissions rates (see Table 1). Table 1: Emissions Factors for CA and TX in example days (both average and marginal emissions in units of [kg CO₂/MWh]) Hour 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 CA avg em 265 268 274 264 267 271 269 226 CA marg em 250 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 TX avg em 349 389 403 383 349 325 370 393 TX marg em 0 500 500 500 500 0 0 500 Hour 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 CA avg em 157 110 112 108 116 104 99 102 CA marg em 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TX avg em 400 374 359 347 350 355 353 351 TX marg em 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Hour 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 CA avg em 101 120 176 259 272 273 275 288 CA marg em 600 600 600 500 500 500 500 500 TX avg em 365 370 374 409 450 458 435 400 TX marg em 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 0 a. Calculate the total CO₂ emissions of charging a 100 kWh EV battery uniformly over a 24-hour time-period in California vs Texas using both an average approach and a marginal approach. How do each of the calculations compare? b. Repeat 3a, but now charging the 100 kWh EV battery uniformly over a 6-hour time-period from 2pm-8pm. How do these results compare to 3a? c. What would the fuel efficiency of a gas car need to be to match the total emissions calculated from 3a and 3b assuming the EV had an operating efficiency of 0.3 kWh/mi?
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