Week 4 discussion resp 1 prac 6540

Which of the following scenarios would lead to severe hypoglycemia? Choice 1 of 6: A non-diabetic individual injecting themselves with a small amount of glucagon after eating chips and guacamole Choice 2 of 6: A type 2 diabetic person taking a 45-minute indoor cycling class while fasting Choice 3 of 6: A type 1 diabetic eating a dozen Krispy Kreme donuts Choice 4 of 6: A type 1 diabetic that injects themselves with high amounts of insulin after eating a low carbohydrate meal Choice 5 of 6: An individual with a mutation that renders their pancreatic beta cells nonfunctional Choice 6 of 6: An individual with a mutation that renders their GLUT4 transporters nonfunctional

Which of the following is true about the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia? Question 62 options: a)  Glucagon decreases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver b)  Autonomic symptoms are caused by increased levels of glucagon which then stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis c)  Beta cells suppress insulin secretion at a plasma glucose level of 3 mmol/L d)  Abrupt cessation of glucose delivery to the brain results in confusion, drowsiness, vision changes, and headache

If a type I diabetic client takes too much insulin, what clinical manifestations would alert the nurse to the fact that the client has become hypoglycemic? Question 11 options: confusion and cool, clammy skin fruity smelling breath and urinary ketones tremors of the limbs and bradycardia complaints of abdominal pain and nausea

Given a case of a patient with type 1 diabetes, how would you adjust their care plan if they report frequent hypoglycemic episodes?

An unresponsive client who has diabetes is brought to the emergency department with rapid, deep respirations. Additional findings include: blood glucose 24.9 mmol/L, arterial pH 7.2 and urinalysis showing presence of ketones and glucose. Which of the following statements best describes the underlying cause of this patient’s presentation? Question 64 options: a)  Relative insulin deficiency, causing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, renal dysfunction and acidosis b)  Nocturnal elevation of growth hormone resulting in hyperglycemia in the morning c)  Absolute insulin deficiency, increased counter-regulatory hormone, lipolysis and free fatty acid release d)  Hypoglycemia causes release of glucagon, resulting in glycogenolysis and hyperglycemia

Which of the following describes a feature of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes? Question 15 options: a)  It is usually an autoimmune disease b)  The pancreas makes little or no insulin c)  Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common complication d)  The liver increases production of glucose

Which of the following medications, when taken prior to eating, is especially effective for correcting postprandial hyperglycemia after a high-carbohydrate meal, so that hypoglycemia post dosing is minimized? Acarbose Glyburide Glitazone Tolbutamide

Which of the following best describes the role of the hexosamine pathway in the pathogenesis of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus? Question 79 options: a)  It involves irreversible binding of glucose to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids which damages components of the microcirculation leading to retinopathy, etc. b)  It promotes the O-linked glycosylation of proteins and transcription factors, resulting in altered gene expression contributing to insulin resistance & cardiovascular complications c)  It promotes the synthesis of DAG which increases pro-inflammatory gene expression and endothelial ET-1 production resulting in blood flow abnormalities d)  It leads to intracellular accumulation of osmotically active sorbitol and fructose which damages Schwann cells, erythrocytes and the lens of the eye

If Elaine is diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus Type II, which of the following is NOT true?     Her body cells have likely become insulin resistant.     She will need to make lifestyle changes, including changes to her diet and exercise routine.     If she does not treat her condition, she could develop metabolic ketoacidosis.     Insulin injections will likely be required.

Insulin should be prescribed under all of the following circumstances, except:A. Status post pancreatectomyB. Type 2 diabetes with diabetic foot syndrome C. Type 1 diabetesD. Gestational diabetesE. Type 2 diabetes

Patient T., 26 y/o, is in the intensive care unit with a ketoacidotic coma. Her consciousness is clouded, eye ball tone is lowered, arterial pressure - 90/60, pulse - 130 beats/minute, glycemia -35 mmol/l, PH - 7.1. The content of ketone bodies is 18 mg %. How would you manage this patients? A. Introducing 10-20 units of insulin at first by stream infusion and then by drip infusion during 1 hour by 0.05-0.1 units/kg/hour till the termination of ketoacidosisB. Introducing 500ml 5% glucose solutionC. Introducing 4% sodium carbonate 2.5 ml/kgD. Introducing 40 – 60 units of insulin hourlyE. Introducing 500 ml 0.9% sodium chloride

Discuss the role of carbohydrates in managing patients diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus